1. Unit 1: Maps Where am I?

2. Unit I Project Take two sheets of computer paper and fold them in half to form a booklet. Place a couple of staples along the edge to form the binding. Take two sheets of computer paper and fold them in half to form a booklet. Place a couple of staples along the edge to form the binding. As we work through the unit, you will complete each page of the booklet. As we work through the unit, you will complete each page of the booklet. Front Cover-picture or design, name, date, and period. Front Cover-picture or design, name, date, and period. Page 2-Definitions. All important concepts should be defined on this page. Page 2-Definitions. All important concepts should be defined on this page. Page 3- Illustration of Longitude, Latitude, Grid, Compass Rose, Legend/Key Page 3- Illustration of Longitude, Latitude, Grid, Compass Rose, Legend/Key

3. Essential Question: Imagine that you have been put in the position of navigator for a group of people going on a long trip. Imagine that you have been put in the position of navigator for a group of people going on a long trip. –How will you keep yourself and your fellow travelers going in the right direction? –What is the right direction? –How do you know which way to go?

4. Essential Ideas Location- a place or position—where something or someone is at. Location- a place or position—where something or someone is at. Place- a particular position, space, or locality. Place- a particular position, space, or locality. Big Idea- Name any place in the world-your home, Hawaii, the Bahamas, India, etc. Each of these occupies a distinct position or location. This means that each one can be placed on a globe or map and can be found by anyone skillful in the use of geography tools. How? Big Idea- Name any place in the world-your home, Hawaii, the Bahamas, India, etc. Each of these occupies a distinct position or location. This means that each one can be placed on a globe or map and can be found by anyone skillful in the use of geography tools. How?

5. Essential Question: What is the difference between latitude and longitude? What is the difference between latitude and longitude?

6. Pinpoint Locations by: Latitude-the angular distance north or south from the equator Latitude-the angular distance north or south from the equator Longitude-angular distance east or west on the earth’s surface, measured in reference to the Prime Meridian. Longitude-angular distance east or west on the earth’s surface, measured in reference to the Prime Meridian. Together, these form a grid- a network of horizontal and vertical parallel lines Together, these form a grid- a network of horizontal and vertical parallel lines

7. Image of Latitude and Longitude

8. Image of the globe

9. Cardinal Directions Cardinal Direction-one of the four principal directions on a compass—north, east, south, west. (Never Eat Soggy Waffles) Cardinal Direction-one of the four principal directions on a compass—north, east, south, west. (Never Eat Soggy Waffles) Compass Rose- a figure on a map used to display the orientation of the cardinal directions. Sometimes it will also include North East, North West, South East, South West Compass Rose- a figure on a map used to display the orientation of the cardinal directions. Sometimes it will also include North East, North West, South East, South West

10. Compass Rose

11. Map Legend/Key Explanatory table of symbols used on a map or chart. Explanatory table of symbols used on a map or chart.

12. Essential Question(s): How can we use latitude and longitude to locate places on the globe or on a map? How can we use latitude and longitude to locate places on the globe or on a map? What other essential information can be conveyed through maps and globes? What other essential information can be conveyed through maps and globes?

13. Location of places Each place on earth has a specific latitude, which is measured in degrees, minutes, and seconds north or south of the equator. Each place on earth has a specific latitude, which is measured in degrees, minutes, and seconds north or south of the equator. –Most of the time, we refer only to degrees. Each place on earth also has a specific longitude, which is measured in degrees, minutes, and seconds east or west of the Prime Meridian. Each place on earth also has a specific longitude, which is measured in degrees, minutes, and seconds east or west of the Prime Meridian. –Most of the time, we refer only to degrees. Together, these coordinates refer to a specific place on the global grid. Together, these coordinates refer to a specific place on the global grid.

14. How Far Is It? Maps can also give you a sense of distance between different points on the map. Maps can also give you a sense of distance between different points on the map. This is accomplished through the use of a map scale. This is accomplished through the use of a map scale. A map scale is a ratio which compares a distance on the map to the actual distance between locations identified on the map. A map scale is a ratio which compares a distance on the map to the actual distance between locations identified on the map. Generally is drawn at the bottom, may state 1 inch= 1 mile. Generally is drawn at the bottom, may state 1 inch= 1 mile.

15. Essential Question How are globes and maps different? What are each useful for?

16. Globes vs. Maps Globes are useful for the following reasons: Globes are useful for the following reasons: –3 dimensional model of the Earth –Fairly accurate representation of the shape and sizes of large features Minimal distortion as compared to maps Minimal distortion as compared to maps What are they not useful for? What are they not useful for?

17. Globes vs. Maps Maps Maps –2 dimensional representation of a 3 dimensional object –Because of this, maps distort features Shape Shape Size Size Distance Distance Area Area Direction Direction

18. Map Projections Different types of map projections are used in different applications. Remember, something will always be distorted. Conformal map projections- preserve angles, so the shapes of the landmasses look like the shapes that appear on globes; distances and size are greatly distorted Equal area projections- phenomena per square unit are shown in correct proportion; distorts shape Compromise Projections-Projections that attempt to rectify problems with other types of projections by compromising between them. Usually based on a mathematical formula. Distortions will be lessened, but not totally eradicated.

19. Mercator Projection Mercator Projection Mercator Projection –Useful for marine navigation –Not useful for general reference world maps

20. Mercator Projection Cylindrical Projection- parallels and meridians are straight and perpendicular Cylindrical Projection- parallels and meridians are straight and perpendicular Makes the map conformal- north/south scale is the same as the east/west scale Makes the map conformal- north/south scale is the same as the east/west scale –Angles are preserved at all locations, but scale is distorted. Size of geographical objects is distorted. More problematic the further you get away from the equator. More problematic the further you get away from the equator. –Greenland shown the same size as Africa; Africa is 11 times larger than Greenland

21. Mollweide Projection Useful for general reference

22. Mollweide Projection Equal-Area Projection Sizes of landmasses are correct; shape and direction are distorted Used for general reference for proportion of landmasses

23. Robinson Projection Robinson Projection Robinson Projection –Use for general reference

24. Robinson Projection Neither equal-area or conformal- is a compromise between the two. Neither equal-area or conformal- is a compromise between the two. Meridians curve gently, avoids extremes but stretches the poles into long lines instead of points. Meridians curve gently, avoids extremes but stretches the poles into long lines instead of points. Distortion at the poles is severe, but quickly declines to moderate levels away from the poles Distortion at the poles is severe, but quickly declines to moderate levels away from the poles

25. Drawing Maps Page 6 of your Booklet Draw a neighborhood map Must have the following: – –Compass Rose – –Scale – –At least two of the main features of maps we have discussed: Size, Direction, Shape, Distance, Area, etc.

26. Essential Question Suppose you want to go canoeing. What rivers/streams are safe for you? How do you know? Maybe you want to move to a new area. Which area is the most populated? Least populated? Has the most stores?

27. Topographic Maps A topographic map is often defined as a detailed and accurate representation of cultural and natural features on the ground. In other words, a topographic map gives a detailed and accurate representation of the terrain-both natural and man-made.

29. Population Density Maps Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. Will often see at as people per square mile. Population density maps show the population density in a particular geographic area.

31. Class website Our class now has a website. Copy the address and keep it in a safe place. You will find information about our class, weekly agendas, assignments, etc. The address is: http://buzzinhistory.weebly.com

32. Geographic Information Systems A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a information system which integrates, stores, edits, analyzes, shares, and displays geographic information to inform decision making. Basically, GIS takes geographic information of all types: topography, average rainfall, population density, etc., and puts it into a computer program that allows officials and decision- makers to make better informed decisions. http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/scien ce/technology-sci/gis_journey/ http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/scien ce/technology-sci/gis_journey/

33. Global Positioning System (GPS) GPS is a space based satellite navigation system that provides location and time information in all weather conditions anywhere on or near the earth where there is an obstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites. http://videos.howstuffworks.com/nasa/21 91-how-gps-works-video.htm http://videos.howstuffworks.com/nasa/21 91-how-gps-works-video.htm http://videos.howstuffworks.com/nasa/21 91-how-gps-works-video.htm http://videos.howstuffworks.com/nasa/21 91-how-gps-works-video.htm

34. Back page of your booklet You may use maps and globes for reference. Draw as accurately as possible a map of the Western Hemisphere, including all of North and South America. Use latitude and longitude (approximate- try to get it close) Color

36. Your Booklet: Front Page: Picture/Design Page 2: Vocabulary Page 3: Illustrations (Compass Rose, latitude, longitude) Page 4: US map (paste in) Page 5: Notes Page 6: Neighborhood map Page 7: Page 8 (Back Cover): Map of western hemisphere