1. Chapter 5.1:1-4 Gail Fernandes Maria Valdez Guadalupe Rangel

2. Review From Last Time  Biosphere : region that encompasses all living organisms  Aka ecosphere  Lithosphere : outer region of Earth  Troposphere : lower region of atmosphere  Hydrosphere : regions of water

3. Ecology : study of the interactions between biotic and abiotic regions Biotic Region  Biosphere  Living parts of the Earth Abiotic Region  Atmosphere  Lithosphere  Hydrosphere  Non-living parts of the Earth

4. Levels of the Biosphere Biodiversity : the measure the variety of living organisms that inhabit an environment

5. Types of Cells in Organisms EukaryoteProkaryote

6. Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs

7. Populations and Communities  Habitat : place/environment where populations live  Limiting Factors : factors that most affect the success of populations  Ex: amount of sunlight/rainfall/nutrients  Range of tolerance : the amount of tolerance an environment has to deal with limiting factors  Tolerance Limits : the max and min requirements that a population can survive  Optimum range : range of an abiotic factor that results in largest population of species  Indicator species : species whose presence or absence is strict indicator of conditions of environment  Keystone species : species whose presence may significantly affect the community make up

8. Ecosystem : community of living organisms interacting with each other and the environment Decomposers can be replaced by detritivores or scavengers. Biomass : amount of organic material in food web 10% efficiency at every level

9. Ecological Succession : after a catastrophic event, an ecosystem has to rebuild itself Primary Succession  Development of the first biota where no life is found  Pioneer Species : can survive at beginning  Ex: Lichen, mosses  Climax community : max biota that ecosystem can support is reached Secondary Succession  Existing ecosystem’s community of species is removed by fire or deforestation, leaving only soil  Stages  Early Plant/Animal  Mid-Species  Late Successional

11. QUIZ TIME!  1) What are the levels of the biosphere (in order)?  Organism, Population, Community, Ecosystem, Biome, Biosphere  2) What is the main difference between eukaryotic and a prokaryotic cell?  Eukaryotic has a nucleus to contain DNA, while prokaryotic does not  3) What is optimum range and how does it relate to communities?  It is the range of an abiotic factor that results in largest population of species. Every population in a community has a range of tolerance limits. This means that the optimum range cannot be exceeded and the community will survive.