1. Potential of electrical trailer cooling during rest periods Analysis of emission and costs

2. What are potential environmental benefits of power supply at parking places in long distance transport? Research goal 2 Naam spreker/datum

3. Power supply at parking places offers the potential to switch to electric mode during resting periods TRUs in long distance transport operate 15-30% of their operational hours on parking places: on average 225-450 hours per year. In EU28: 234.000 truck-trailer with transport refrigeration unit (TRU) in long distance transport Facts and figures on long distance refrigerated transport 3 Matthijs Otten/ December 1st

4. 130-260 million litres of Diesel 300-600 kilotonnes CO 2 - 2400-4700 tonnes NO x - 280-560 tonnes PM 10 - Potential emission reduction EU28 4 Matthijs Otten/ December 1st 35,000-70,000 5,000-20,000 2,700-5,400 110,000-220,000220,000-440,000

5. Emission reduction (ton/ tear) Cost factors (euro ton) External costs (Euro/ year) CO 2 290,0007822,620,000 NO x 2,36010,60025,016,000 PM 10 280109,30030,604,000 Total 78,240,000 External cost reduction EU 28 5 Naam spreker/datum

6. Problem: High air polluting emissions of Transport Refrigeration Units (TRU). No EU emission Limits for Non road diesel engines <18kW Emissions of TRU diesel engines 6 Matthijs Otten/ December 1st EU Emission Standards for Non-road Diesel Engines, g/kWh Stage/Net powerDateCOHCNO x PM Stage II: 18-37 kW20015.51.58.00.8 Stage IIIA: 19–37 kW20075.57.5*0.6 Proposed Stage V: 8–19 kW20196.67.5*0.4 Proposed Stage V: 19–37 kW201954,7*0.015 CO 2 Truck TRU NO x PM 10

7. Relatively high emission of Transport Refrigeration Units (TRU) This will remain also after 2018/2019 Alternatives for diesel are needed to reduce emissions. Electrical power supply at parking places offers large potential for environmental benefits. Conclusion 7 Matthijs Otten/ December 1st