1. Coursework elements Section B questions 1. Economic activity and energy 2. Urban environments

2. 2 Requirement Only planning and presentation and limitations will be tested for Section B questions. This involves: 1.Choosing a subject and location 2.Identifying a hypothesis to test 3.Deciding on the data required 4.Choosing a data collection technique 5.Risk assessment 6.Data collection strategy – what will you do? 7.Sampling method 8.Piloting?? 9.Data gathering/recording 10.Identify secondary data where applicable b. Presentation & Analysis 1.i. PRESENT THE DATA 2.ii. ANALYSE THE DATA 3.iii. Draw CONCLUSIONS – relating to the initial HYPOTHESIS c. Limitations & Evaluation  Assess the LIMITATIONS of the process and suggest IDEAS FOR IMPROVING THE ENQUIRY.

3. 3 Tasks: what do you need to know about? Economic activity and energy:  Reasons for the location of factories or services.  Investigating peoples' views on the use of renewable and non-renewable energy. Urban environments:  Land Use survey.  Environmental Quality Survey

4. 4 Sampling: Because you are planning still asked about planning, you do need to consider all the sampling stuff from last week, but also be aware of if and when you could use the different strategies Three main types of sampling strategy: 1. Random 2. Systematic 3. Stratified Do review last weeks notes about this.

5. 5 Location of factories or services. Choosing locations - health and safety Could be a single firm or a whole business area (business park, shopping centre)  The latter would give you a greater range of data and so it would be easier to come to general conclusion Collecting data could be accomplished by interviews of senior members of staff – 1 to 5 for not at all important to crucial, using a selection from the list of factors discussed in unit, market, government support, labour force etc Alternatively, by using maps of the area around the factory(s) or service(s) should be carefully mapped e.g. population, road network, land availability etc – from that you should be able to tease out the main reasons.

6. 6 Urban environments Displaying the information: flowline diagrams

7. 7 Siting Eco- activities 2 and 3 Ways of improving the fieldwork: Asking more people/organisations But here is a really neat ideas: Develop a method scoring the various location variables so that a more quantitative analysis can be done. E.g. say it was agreed that good transport was more important than say energy source, you could increase its score by for example doubling it – then assess the suitability of one site against another one If you don’t really get this idea, don’t worry!

8. 8 What you might be asked 1. Study Figure X which shows the results of a fieldwork investigation on a business park. (i) Use the data to complete the missing bars in Y. (2 marks) (ii) What conclusions can be drawn from Figures X & Y (iii) Suggest how this investigation might be evaluated and improved. total scores given by five factories 2. Fig. 2a shows the total scores given by five factories during a fieldwork investigation into the importance of various location factors. (i) Use Fig. 2a to complete Fig. 2b. (ii) Suggest how this investigation might be evaluated and improved.

9. 9

10. 10 Whilst it mentioned that you can devise questions appropriate to you own area…. … in which you could be asking about a particular local issue, thus far, all examples have been in the form of ‘Investigating peoples' views on the use of renewable and non-renewable energy.’ So at the very least, I think we need to spend some time looking at this in particular, whilst bearing in mind there might be another question more associated with specifics, e.g. whether or not to put a wind farm, tidal barrage or whatever just down the road! Will just repeat some of the ideas from last week  (tho’ we will skip looking at the questionnaire again – which the Bobcats still need to look at) Energy Questionnaire

11. 11 Attitude questionnaire on renewable and non-renewable energy Whilst you are expected to talk about unbiased clear closed questions from which you can collect data, it might be interesting to say that this type of questioning is usually more useful if you want to find out facts – how old are you? How many cars do you own? How often do you go to the supermarket? That what people feel is much more difficult to find out by this method – and that discussion groups can be much more informative, but recording the results of those is more open to be influenced by what the person chairing the discussion thought!

12. 12 Issues with closed questions Ensure they are not biased (put hobby horses firmly in the stable) Make sure there are enough options to cover most answers – think about whether you need ‘other’ as well as ‘don’t know/have no opinion’ or whether these can be combined. Only have yes/no where it is really relevant. May like to use graduated box answers for opinions (1 totally disagree to 5 strongly agree). But if later you use these scores to graph please make sure you don’t get confused! Recall the mess the textbook made of the environmental quality scoring – anyone recall what their major problem was? (skip slides 13,14)

13. 13 Anything wrong here?

14. 14 What about this part?

15. 15 Now one of the points made in the mark scheme for the mock, was …. …that marks would be lost if it was not apparent that students has distinguished clearly between renewable and non-renewable sources. So I have a neat plan to get around that …. Qu 1: Give respondents a stack of cards with every sort energy source you can think of on them and ask them to sort them into 2 heaps, renewable and non-renewable energy sources. Score them as follows – all correctly place 10 marks and then deduct 1 mark for everyone that is incorrect! The reason for this (apart from getting a mark in the exam) is to establish that the respondents know what they are. If their knowledge is very weak, then you may wish to terminate the interview, as any opinions they hold would not really be valid!

16. 16 More about questions … 5 – 8 questions are about right (had 1 already) What do you feel about global warming? [Nearly asked ‘ Are you concerned about … but that is biased!!]  V worried- a little concerned – don’t know/don’t care – it’s a myth (if last given skip next question) Do you think global warming is mostly manmade?  YesNodon’t know If a new electricity power station was needed here, which of these (show cards) would you like to power it? Why? (open question) Repeat this for least happy to accept? Why? For example – you do not need to state what the questions are – but need ideas in your head when answering

17. 17 More about questions … With regards the open questions on the last slide, you could group the answers into similar responses. Again how to display – bar, pie etc How could you improve it – try to improve the variety of people you ask to better reflect the general population, perhaps? Any other bright ideas?

18. 18 More general issues: Who would you ask? How would get in contact with them? People in the street? In a particular place like a school? Go house to house? Put a questionnaire on the internet and ask your friends on Face book to answer it? Anything you can mention about sampling? You could give one or 2 of the above and then go onto say what would be your sampling method if you chose that way?

19. 19 Urban environments: Land Use survey.  Planning: Decide on a transect from CBD to outer part of the town that passes through a variety of areas  prepare a key (see over) and a map  Count off every 10 or whatever paces and record – this is S…. Sampling?  H&S – going out alone is no-no – leave route with AN Other etc

20. 20 RICE POTS Stands for: R Residential I Industrial C Commercial E Entertainment P Public Buildings O Open Spaces T Transport S Services

21. 21 And then But whether you would wish to go as far as a 2 letter code each time, I suggest may need thinking about. Leave it as RICE POTS and you could do a stacked % bar chart for each type of area or each distance along the transect – see over again!

22. 22 Here is one I did earlier!

23. 23 But why did I choose % stack bar? Why I did I go for stacked and not clustered? (one column each) And why % stack? And not just the number of items?  Would any other graph have done as well or better?

24. 24 Having said stick to RICEPOTS.. And do not break it down – can you think of any one group that you might need to break down to establish a particular pattern? If so, how might you do it?

25. 25 Urban environments: Environmental Quality Survey  Designing the environmental quality bi-polar sheet is key – piloting to see that differences on places show up essential  Make sure you group the negative points together on one side and positive on the other  Try to include only qualities that are obviously positive or negative – for example:  I would be unhappy about including old buildings – new buildings as a pair - why?  But would have no problem will well/poorly maintained as a pair.  From time issues 6 – 10 items only – try to cover a range and be careful not to include things that over lap  Try to include the road/pavement, the buildings, other parts of visual environment (that could plants/trees or litter/graffiti), noise/ air quality – with 8 indicators you could 2 for each of these to get a wide spread of influences – without going into detailed questions, a quote of this would be a useful addition.

26. 26 Questions you might be asked 1. Describe how a fieldwork investigation of environmental quality across an urban area could be planned. 2. Fig 1a shows land use and EQS data collected at seven sites along a transect between the CBD and the edge of a UK town (Reading). (i) Use Fig 1a, to complete the scatter graph (Fig. 1b), to show how environmental quality changed along the transect. (ii) What conclusions can be drawn about the relationship between environmental quality and land use?

27. 27 The question we are going to look at from an old paper could easily be adapted It is looking at cars passing a certain point and is a way of displaying the information This kind of information could be associated with EQS type work as congestion is a quality factor – at a pinch anyway! You are asked to complete the graph It is on your class notes and I am going to ask you to do it now

28. 28 The students had counted vehicles entering and leaving Henley between 08.00 and 09.00 am on the same Monday. Their results are shown in Figure 1d. Compete this flow line diagram Urban environments Display question

29. 29 The students believe that Site 2, Henley Bridge, has the worst traffic problems. Why did they reach this conclusion? How could they have improved the validity of their investigation? Did yours look like this? Urban environments Display question

30. 30 The homework Just one long question that comes from the old paper 3 It has a good selection of the types of things you might be expected to do – as it say, you will not got ALL of them but you could well get one or 2 parts that make similar demands. As there are graphs and so on, you may wish to type in the typing bits, print it out and do the drawings and then scan the rest – up to you – or maybe just type and upload to HWK what you can. Then do the drawing bits and email separately – whatever suits is fine.