1. Starter 1
write on the whiteboards 5 questions you could use to measure obedience Use a likert/rating scale Strongly disagree………..Agree Very entertaining…………………not Very

2. Dispositional explanation
Any explanation that highlights the importance of the individual

3. What do you think?
Should a high level of obedience be described as a psychological disorder?

4. Dispositional explanations
There are many
But the most influential is
The authoritarian personality
How can we measure your personality?

5. Watch the video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W8oMdc7T828 Make notes
Write on post it any questions you have

6. Theodor Adorno
Truly believed that a high level of obedience is a psychological disorder

7. Procedure
Adorno created several scales to measure obedience personality through a variety of interviews and tests with participants
Sample – 2000 middle class white Americans
Aimed to measure unconscious attitudes
Questionnaire involved a variety of scales
This included the F-Scale- Why is it called this?

8. Take the questionnaire
This is based on Adorno’s Authoritarian personality F Scale

9. Self Reports- Questionnaire design
Use pages /internet
What two types of questions can be used?
Which type of question may be open to interpretation bias?
What is social desirability bias?
Outline two strengths and two limitations of a questionnaire
Why might a structured interview be advantageous?
What is a risk of an unstructured questionnaire?
What is Acquiescence bias?

10. Does the questionnaire measure these?
F-Scale findings
People with authoritarian leanings….
Identify with strong people
Are generally contemptuous of the weak
Are conscious of the status of themselves and others
Show excessive respect to those in higher positions
Have fixed and distinctive stereotypes
Have a positive correlation with prejudice
Believe everything is either right or wrong
Have conventional attitudes to sex, race and gender
Enforce traditional values
Apply it to the
F scale questionnaire
Does the questionnaire measure these?

11. Evidence 
Milgram and Elms (1966) found a link between those that displayed obedience and authoritarian personality traits
Zillmer (1995) Nazi criminals scored highly on some of the F scale
But
 Correlation - not causation
What else could be involved?

12. Upbringing and Personality
Recap Psychodynamic approach
Our early life/upbringing in childhood can link to our personality later in life

13. Psychodynamics Harsh Parenting
Adorno et al concluded that the personality formed as a result of harsh parenting
Order the process

14. Methods of Strict discipline and High Expectations Children receive severe criticism/punishment for failings Child’s then believes that love and affection depends on their behaviour Child becomes resentful and hostile but cannot direct this to the parent(s) due to fear Scapegoating- Fears are displaced onto others who are weaker Develop a dislike for those who are inferior and maintain respect and like for those in authority

15. Authoritarian vs Authoritative
Parenting styles - What is the difference?
Authoritative
Authoritarian

16. But….. These are only Correlations
Relationships
Not Causation

17. Evaluation
What causes prejudice

18. There are many weaknesses in Adorno’s explanation of prejudice:
• Harsh parenting style does not always produce prejudice children / individuals
• Some prejudice people do not conform to the authoritarian personality type.
• Doesn’t explain why people are prejudiced against certain groups and not others.

19. Task Write a short article entitled
Authoritarian Parenting:  A Short Term Parenting Behaviour Strategy with Serious Long Term Psychological Consequences!
Include
What authoritarian parenting might entail
What the impact of this might be
Supportive research
Conflicting viewpoints/evidence