1. 12 + 1 key words for Medical Sociology Antonio Maturo Universita` di Bologna

2. Roots Engels Durkheim Parsons Foucault Illich

3. relatives Anthropology Epidemiology / public health Psychology Economics Organization studies Bioethics

4. WHO (1948) Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

5. 1. Inequality Money Education Life expectancy Morbidy Access to care

6. 2. Social determinants of health

7. 3. Social capital Networks Associations Access to information Social support Trust

8. 4. Social construction of health and illness Social representations of normality and pathology If men define situations as real, they are real in their consequences. (Thomas, 1928) Stigma Social exclusion Self-fulfilling prophecy

9. 5. Disease, illness, sickness （ Twaddle, Mechanic, Kleinman) Disease can be considered as the bio-medical definition of a pathology; illness coincides with subjective feelings of pain or anxiety and on the subjective interpretation of the pathological state sickness as the way by which society interprets a personal condition.

10. 6. Disability Chronic diseases Stigma Normality-pathology Aging (ageism) Social construction of disability Welfare state….

11. 7. Health care organization Welfare state Taxes Providers of care Role of the State Private/public providers / finance Health expenditure

12. 8. Patient-physician relationship Asymmetry - Power Communication Information Compliance Health literacy

13. 9.Medicalization ‘Once upon a time, plenty of children were unruly, some adults were shy, and bald men wore hats. Now all of these descriptions might be attributed to diseases – entities with names, diagnostic criteria, and an increasing array of therapeutic options’. McLellan (2007, p.627). the process through which a non-medical problem is defined as a disease or a disorder” (Conrad, 2007, p. 4).

14. 10.Brain-Neuroscience

15. 11. Body Disability Human enhancement Eating disorders Cosmetic surgery Cyborg

16. 12. Medicine Power Extension and expansion of borders Health industrial complex Big pharma Bigger role in our life

17. + 1: Internet Apps Social network Telemedicine