2. Aim: Why did some want railroads regulated? Do Now: RR positives & negatives Homework: None Don’t forget procedures

3. Why the increase in railroads? During the Civil War railroads were used to transport soldiers and supplies Railroads were used to transport raw materials to factories and finished goods to consumers Increase in the amount of people moving out West

4. The Transcontinental Railroad 1.What does the prefix trans mean? Across 2. What does continental mean? A main large mass of land on the globe. 3. Can you name the 7? Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Australia, and Antarctica The Transcontinental railroad was finished in 1869 by the joining of the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railways.

7. Early Problems with Railroads Prior to the Civil War, different sections of the country used different gauges or width of tracks. A standardized size (4 feet 8½ inches) was created which led to the formation of networks or connected lines.

8. Time Zones Can you identify the different time zones? Eastern, Central, Mountain and Pacific In 1883, the railroad companies set up a system of standard time zones. Previously, each town had its own based on the position of the sun. Time zones created more efficient railroad schedules.

9. Safety and Comfort George Westinghouse created the air brakes, allowing trains to move quicker and safer. Before the air brake, pile ups were common. George Pullman created the Pullman car, which had fold down berths (beds) and lavatories. Some railroads even included dining cars on their trains!

10. The Business of Railroads Many small railroads consolidated to make larger companies. The Pennsylvania Railroad consolidated 73 smaller companies into its system. Consolidate: To Combine Cornelius Vanderbilt made a fortune from the railroad industry. When he died, he left $105 million, the largest estate in U.S. history up to that time.

11. How did the growth of railroads affect people? Travelers:Shippers:Laborers: Railroad Barons: Farmers: Native Americans Able to go longer distances in comfort Able to save money because they were able to keep goods on one train instead of switching cars. A large need for laborers were needed. Chinese immigrants were a popular source for labor. Controlled most of the Railroad industry. Were able to raise prices and were often called thieves. Since famers shipped only small amounts of goods at a time, they were hurt by high rates. Many could not afford to ship crops, so they burnt them for fuel. Lost land to the railroads and lost buffalo

12. Aim: Ch. 20 Section 1 Outline Do Now: Vocabulary Matching Homework: Page 535 #3-7 Homework Quiz tomorrow Don’t forget procedures

13. Outline Groups Group A Hannah Michael D Melissa Christine Stephen Group B Michelle Billy Joe Grant Tyler Jake Benito Allison

14. How to get a perfect HW 1.Use proper heading 2.Write in complete sentences 3.Write Legibly 4.Complete all questions 5.Answer all questions to the best of your ability 6.Hand in papers without rips or tears 7.Hand assignment in on Time!!!!