1. Range of Motion Exercises Passive exercise –carried out by health care worker without patient assistance –purposes to retain as much joint ROM as possible to maintain circulation

2. Range of Motion Exercises Active exercise –accomplished by the patient without assistance –purpose to increase muscle strength –other active forms of exercise include turning from side to side moving up and down in the bed

3. Range of Motion Exercises Active assistive exercise –carried out by the patient with the assistance of the health care worker –purpose to encourage normal muscle function –give as little assistance as necessary to accomplish the action

4. Passive ROM Exercise Never force a joint beyond resistance Never continue movement beyond the point of pain Start passive exercise ASAP –joints begin to stiffen within 24 hours of disuse Perform them at least once a shift –during bathing or turning of patient Caregiver to use good body mechanics

5. Joint Movements Extension Hyperextension Flexion Abduction Adduction Supination Pronation Internal rotation External rotation Dorsal flexion Plantar flexion Eversion Inversion