1. The Circulatory System The Heart, Blood Vessels, Blood Types

2. The Closed Circulatory System Humans have a closed circulatory system, typical of all vertebrates, in which blood is confined to vessels –The heart pumps blood into large vessels that branch into smaller ones leading into the organs. –Materials are exchanged by diffusion between the blood and the other organs at the capillaries.

3. Purpose Transport nutrients to all parts of the body Make sure the brain has glucose Remove wastes like carbon dioxide Movement of other materials necessary for survival

4. The Cardiovascular System Three Major Elements – Heart, Blood Vessels, & Blood –1. The Heart - cardiac muscle tissue –highly interconnected cells –four chambers Right and left atrium- upper chamber Left and Right Ventricle- Lower chambers

5. Heart Wall Three layers of tissue –Epicardium: This serous membrane of smooth outer surface of heart –Myocardium: Middle layer composed of cardiac muscle cell and responsibility for heart contracting –Endocardium: Smooth inner surface of heart chambers

7. Pathway of the blood Superior Vena Cava Right Atrium Right Ventricle Lungs Pulmonary Vein Pulmonary Artery Left Artium Left Ventricle Aorta To the bodies organs & cells

8. Coronary Circulation Your heart has its own blood vessels to supply it with nutrients and oxygen and remove wastes If this circulation is blocked then a person can have a heart attack

9. Pulmonary Circulation The flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart. Goes- right atrium to right ventricle Then pulmonary artery to the lungs Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs Then Pulmonary vein brings back oxygenated blood to the left atrium

10. Systemic Circulation Oxygen rich blood needs to get to the rest of the body Wastes need to picked up and excreted Oxygenated blood leaves the left ventricle by way of the Aorta Travels to the body and exchange occurs at capillaries Veins bring back the de-oxygenated blood.

11. Systemic circulation

12. The Cardiovascular System 2. Blood Vessels -A network of tubes –Arteries  arterioles move away from the heart Elastic Fibers Circular Smooth Muscle –Capillaries – where gas exchange takes place. One cell thick Serves the Respiratory System –Veins  Venules moves towards the heart Skeletal Muscles contract to force blood back from legs One way valves When they break - varicose veins form

14. Cardiovascular Diseases

15. The Cardiovascular System 3. The Blood A.Plasma Liquid portion of the blood. Contains clotting factors, hormones, antibodies, dissolved gases, nutrients and waste

16. The Cardiovascular System The Blood B. Erythrocytes - Red Blood Cells –Carry hemoglobin and oxygen. Do not have a nucleus and live only about 120 days. –Can not repair themselves.

17. The Cardiovascular System The Blood C. Leukocytes – White Blood cells –Fight infection and are formed in the bone marrow –Five types – neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils, and monocytes.

18. The Cardiovascular System The Blood D. Thrombocytes – Platelets. –These are cell fragment that are formed in the bone marrow from magakaryocytes. –Clot Blood by sticking together – via protein fibers called fibrin.

19. Disorders of the Circulatory System Anemia - lack of iron in the blood, low RBC count Leukemia - white blood cells proliferate wildly, causing anemia Hemophilia - bleeder’s disease, due to lack of fibrinogen in thrombocytes Heart Murmur - abnormal heart beat, caused by valve problems Heart attack - blood vessels around the heart become blocked with plaque, also called myocardial infarction