1. MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS (MIS) AND OTHER INFORMATION SYSTEMS

2. Objectives I. Identify the factors responsible for Management Information Systems (MIS) II. Determine the kinds of reports that could be presented III. Describe the three (3) management levels IV. Describe the three (3) types of information systems V. State the features of MIS VI. Differentiate between Data Processing Systems (DPS) and MIS VII. Differentiate between MIS and Computers VIII. Distinguish the roles of MIS IX. Identify the benefits of MIS X. Identify the drawbacks of MIS

3. Review of Lesson 10 I. State the four (4) main areas of a business II. Define organisational structures III. List the types of organisational structures IV. What is Line Organisation? V. What is Functional Organisation? VI. Identify two (2) advantages of functional organisation VII. Identify two (2) disadvantages of functional organisation VIII. What is Line and Staff Organisation Structure? IX. Identify two (2) advantages of Line and Staff Organisation X. Identify two (2) disadvantages of Line and Staff Organisation XI. What is Committee Organisation Structure? XII. Identify two (2) advantages of Committee Organisation XIII. Identify two (2) disadvantages of Committee Organisation XIV. What are Organisational Charts? XV. Identify three (3) advantages of Organisational Charts XVI. Identify three (3) disadvantages of Organisational Charts XVII. Identify three (3) effects of growth on the organisational structure

4. MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS (MIS) MIS is a formal method of making available to management the accurate and timely information necessary to facilitate the decision making process and assist the organisation in planning, controlling operational functions to be carried out effectively.

5. FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF MIS i. It was difficult to get and utilise timely and accurate information. This was so because information was contained in filing cabinets in large files. Computers were developed. ii. Most managers were not computer literate and the data was not put in a form so that managers could read and act on them.

6. TYPES OF REPORTS PRESENTED i. Scheduled reports : These are standard reports that are provided regularly. ii. Forecasting or planning reports: These are used to make decisions regarding the future. iii. On-demand reports : These are provided only when required by management. iv. Exception reports: These are provided when extra- ordinary or abnormal situations occur.

7. LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT i. Top level – At this level managers arte expected to set long-term goals and arrive at the strategies for reaching them. ii. Middle level – These are responsible for carrying out the major designs and plans of the top-level managers. iii. Low level – These managers require detailed scheduled reports to help in making day-to-day decisions to ensure that certain jobs are done according to the guidelines that have been set.

8. TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS The various types of information systems are classified on how they process data. This classification is done based on their response time. i. Decision Support System (DSS) ii. Information Reporting System (IRS) iii. Transaction Processing System

9. DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM This system utilises user-friendly software to present information to management, to aid in decision making. This type of system is used by top-level management to make long term decisions. DSS makes use of the following tools: i. Simulation: This utilises mathematical modelling process (spreadsheets) ii. Forecasting : This uses past and present trends in order to predict future outcomes. iii. Expert systems: This is a process of interaction to address questions, seek clarification and make recommendations which generally help in the decision-making process.

10. INFORMATION REPORTING SYSTEM (IRS) This system is used by middle management and involves tactical type information. It is used to compare expected outputs with actual outputs and to highlight where there are any changes from what is normal. The type of reports generated from this system are: i. Exception ii. On-demand iii. Scheduled or regular

11. TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEM This system is used at the lowest level of management and by workers who may use operational type information to report on the daily transaction taking place in a business. It is used for routine tasks in which data transactions must be processed for operations to continue. It makes use of two types of files: i. Files containing master records ii. Files of transactions to be used in updating the master records

12. FEATURES OF MIS A MIS: i. supports the data processing functions of handling transactions and keeping records ii. utilises an integrated database iii. provides managers at all levels with easy access to timely, relevant and largely structured information. iv. is largely flexible and can be adapted to suit changing information needs of the organisation v. provides a security system that limits access to authorised personnel.

13. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DATA PROCESSING AND MIS Data Processing Systems (DPS) relate to transaction handling and keeping of records usually for a particular functional area. Basic differences: i. A MIS uses an integrated database and DPS has a file structured environment. ii. A MIS brings together the information flow between functional areas while DPS supports a single functional area. iii. AMIS caters to the information needs of all levels of management while DPS focus on the operational level only. iv. A MIS allows for online enquiry while DPS provides just scheduled reports.

14. COMPUTERS They are able to: i. facilitate the collection, management and communication of information. ii. automate operations both in the factory and the office. iii. support decision making and planning at all levels.

15. COMPUTERS continued They are useful and cost-effective when : i. there is a large volume of routine data to be processed. ii. tasks and activities are repetitive iii. it is necessary to store and have quick access to a large volume of data and information. iv. speedy processing and extremely current business records are essential v. there is a need to perform complex computations.

16. THE ROLE OF MIS i. To provide information to managers for use in problem- solving, control and decision making. ii. MIS can be used in all areas of activities in management. iii. MIS is very useful in tactical or short-term planning decisions. iv. It provides information in the form of management reports. v. MIS for operational control ought to provide a high volume of timely, accurate and detailed information. vi. MIS for middle management would keep them in touch with information concerning the current and future performance of their units. vii. MIS for top management provides information gathered to assist them in strategic or long-term planning.

17. BENEFITS OF MIS i. It helps managers to make quick decisions. ii. There is less likelihood of errors. iii. MIS allows for the creation of good databases. iv. Improves communication within the firm. v. Productivity increases. vi. Data can be shared within departments. vii. There is greater standardisation. viii. It is easier to monitor systems and tasks. ix. There are more opportunities for staff to be trained and for individuals to get leave of absence.

18. DRAWBACKS OF MIS i. MIS cannot always supply all the information managers need to make their decisions. ii. The MIS department in a firm would have to be very focused. iii. The firm may not be able to get the information it needs at the time it does because the information is too limited or not available.

19. Preview of next lesson Who work within these functional areas of a business?