1. Density Miss Fogg Fall 2015

2. How can you tell the difference? Gold (Au): 19.32 g/cm 3 Pyrite (FeS): 5.01 g/cm 3

3. Minerals Properties Color Streak Luster Crystal form Hardness Cleavage Fracture Density

4. Density is a property of all matter that is the ratio of an object’s mass to its volume.

5. Triple Beam Balance Used to measure the mass of objects in grams (g)

6. Determining Mass 1. Place object on pan 2. Move riders along beam, starting with the largest, until the pointer is at the zero mark

7. Check to see that the balance scale is at zero

8. Triple Beam Balance 1. Place object on pan 2. Move riders along beam, starting with the largest, until the pointer is at the zero mark 3. Read the mass just as you would a ruler (all certain digits and one uncertain digit between the lines)

9. Read Mass _ _ _. _ _ g 272?

10. Read Mass More Closely _ _ _. _ _ g 27209

11. Measuring Liquid Volume Always read volume from the bottom of the meniscus. The meniscus is the curved surface of a liquid in a narrow cylindrical container.

12. Avoid Errors in Measurement Measure volume looking straight at the meniscus to avoid parallax errors Correct: Viewing the meniscus at eye level Incorrect: viewing the meniscus from an angle

13. Use the graduations to find all certain digits There are two unlabeled graduations below the meniscus, and each graduation represents 1 mL, so the certain digits of the reading are… 52 mL 52 mL.

14. Estimate the uncertain digit and take a reading The meniscus is about eight tenths of the way to the next graduation, so the final digit in the reading is. The volume in the graduated cylinder is 0.8 mL 52.8 mL.