1. “The Civil Rights Era” Power Point Presentation

2. Essential Questions:
1. What legal avenues were taken to achieve advancements in the Civil Rights movement?
2. Who were the key leaders in the Civil Rights movement and what was their impact?

3. Pair-Share Try to answer the following questions about the Civil Rights Movement.
What Supreme Court Case segregated public facilities?
Who was the African-American woman who refused to give up her seat on the bus?
What was the name of the white supremacist
group that terrorized African Americans?
Who gave the famous speech, “I Have a Dream”?

4. A. The Emergence of the Civil Rights Movement
What do you see?
What do the signs say?
What are the people doing?
Who is sponsoring the demonstration?
Why might one sign compare school segregation to Imprisonment?
Do you think black parents would
still protest if the Schools were separate but equal in quality?

5. The Roots of African American’s Struggle for Equal Rights
During the 1950’s African Americans led one of the most significant social movements in U.S. history: The Civil Rights Movement.
For over 250 years Africans were enslaved
How were slaves treated?
How did slaves resist?
Almost 200,000 African Americans helped the North Defeat the South in the Civil War

6. Jim Crow Laws After the Civil War blacks continued to face:
Economic deprivation
Racial hatred
Segregation
Limited political rights
Jim Crow Laws: enforced segregation
What were blacks forbidden to do?
KKK used terror and intimidation

7. School Segregation in the South
1896 Plessy vs. Ferguson: segregation was lawful (“separate but equal”)
1950’s 17 states prohibited black and whites to attend school together
Public school were not equal
Pair Share: How were schools unequal?

9. Film Clip: School Segregation

10. The Desegregation Fight Heats Up
1952 Brown vs. Board of Education
Thurgood Marshall (NAACP) lawyer
Argued that
segregated schools were not equal
segregation made students feel frustrated and inferior

11. The Supreme Court of the United States: 1954

12. Segregation Ruled Unconstitutional
Chief Justice Earl Warren delivered Court’s decision:
Segregated schools gave black children “a feeling of inferiority” and “separate educational facilities were unequal”
Ended the legal foundation of segregation in state-government supported facilities.
How did forced segregation make the whites feel?
Why did it take several years for schools to desegregate?

14. Pair-Share
What amendment did Thurgood Marshall use to win this case?

15. 14th Amendment
All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

16. B. School Desegregation
What do you see here?
What do you think is happening?
What is the African
American in the foreground doing?
What do you think he is thinking and feeling?
What are the whites doing?
Why are they so hostile towards him?

17. White Resistance to School Integration
80% of Southern whites opposed decision
450 state laws passed to prevent enforcement
State aid cut off
Why did the federal government stall desegregation?

18. Central High School
Little Rock Nine: 9 black students who integrated into all-white Central High School
Whites who opposed de-segregation blocked entrance to school.
Eisenhower sent the National Guard to protect students

19. The Little Rock Nine

20. Eisenhower sends in the National Guard to escort the Little Rock Nine into Central High School.

21. Film Clip: Little Rock 1957

22. Answer the Question after the film clip:
Would you have volunteered to be a member of the “Little Rock Nine? Why or Why not ?

23. U.S. District Court for the District of Kansas (1951)
The court found that segregation has a negative
effect on black children, but it decided that segregated
schools did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment
because facilities, transportation, teachers, and
other factors were equal.
Thru the Court System
Supreme Court of the United States (1954) Ruling determined that segregated schools are
"inherently unequal" and violate the Fourteenth
Amendment.
The case was reargued to determine how the violation of the Fourteenth Amendment should be fixed.
Supreme Court of the
United States (1955) Declared that schools should be
desegregated with "all deliberate speed."

24. Pair Share:
Explain your reaction to the following question. “Unjust laws exist: shall we be content to obey them, or shall we endeavor to amend them, and obey them until we have succeeded, or shall we transgress them at once?”

25. C. The Montgomery Bus Boycott
What do you see here?
Where are the African Americans sitting? The whites?
How do you think the people are feeling?
What do you think will happen if more whites get on the bus?
What might this segregation cause?

26. Rosa Parks & The Montgomery Bus Boycott
Dec. 1, 1955 Rosa Parks- arrested for refusing to give up her seat to white man.
Black community set up boycott of buses to protest against the arrest and the law
Martin Luther King- leader of the movement
Boycott lasted 54 weeks
Result: segregation on city buses was unconstitutional
What do you predict will happen next in the Civil Rights Movement?

27. Rosa Parks

28. Rosa Parks

29. Film Clip: Montgomery Bus Boycott

30. Why was the Montgomery Bus Boycott successful?
After the film clip answer the following question:
Why was the Montgomery Bus Boycott successful?

31. D. Martin Luther King, Jr.

32. King Rises to Prominence
Preached Christian love towards whites
His strategy was non-violent civil disobedience
Break unjust laws w/out violence
Patterned after Gandhi
Draw media attention
Elected president of the Montgomery Improvement Association and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

34. Film Clip: Civil Disobedience

35. Question: What made MLK a popular leader?

36. Pair-Share
What is civil disobedience? Give examples of civil disobedience used during the Civil Rights Movement. Where they successful?

37. E. The Sit-in Movement What do you see here? Where are they sitting?
Why do you think the students are holding a “sit-in”?
Do you think this is an
effective protest strategy
against segregation? Why or
why not?

38. The First Sit-in
Black youth were frustrated with the South’s slow pace of change.
1960: 4 college students held the first “sit-in” at Woolworth’s to protest the segregated facility
Thousands of student groups began conducting sit-ins throughout the South

39. SNCC 1960 Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) formed
Strategy: demonstrate “ Justice permeated by Love” to appeal to city officials
Training sessions in non-violent protest
Protested segregationist policies in theaters, swimming pools, libraries, playgrounds and restaurants
70,000 had taken part in sit-ins by 1960

41. F. The Freedom Rides What do you see here? What do you think has
happened?
How might the protesters have felt after their bus was bombed?

42. Freedom Rides May, 1961: Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
Leader: James Farmer
organized a 3 week bus trip through the South to publicize the lack of compliance with the Supreme Court’s decision outlawing segregation on interstate transportation
“freedom riders” were bombed and beaten
Result: Robert Kennedy ordered bus companies to obey Supreme Court’s decision

45. How would you feel if you participated in freedom rides?
Pair-Share
How would you feel if you participated in freedom rides?

46. G. Demonstrations in Birmingham
What do you see here?
Why is the police officer allowing the dog to attack the man?
What do you think he has done?
What might Americans in other parts of the country think if they saw this scene on television?

47. Violence in Birmingham
July 23, 1964 MLK planned a series of marches and boycotts in Birmingham (most racist city).
Goal was to protest injustices and provoke a violent reaction from the police force that would shock the country
Police Commissioner: Eugene “Bull” Connor had his police attack demonstrators with clubs, police dogs, and water canons.
100’s of protesters were jailed including MLK
“Letter from a Birmingham Jail”

48. Martin Luther King Arrested

49. “I guess it is easy for those who have never felt the stinging darts of segregation to say ‘Wait’. But when you have seen vicious mobs lynch your mothers and fathers at whim; when you have seen hate filled policemen curse, kick, brutalize and even kill your black brothers and sisters… When you have to concoct an answer for a 5 year old son asking ‘Daddy, why do white people treat colored people so mean?’…then you will understand why it is so difficult to wait.” Letter from a Birmingham Jail
Who do you think said this
why it is difficult to wait?
Who is waiting?
Who is telling them to wait?
What are they waiting for?

53. Result:
JFK sent federal mediators to work out a settlement
Businesses agreed to integrate and hire blacks
Bomb planted in church and killed 4 girls

54. H. The 1963 March on Washington
What do you see here?
Could you tell where the photo was taken?
Why have so many people
gathered at the nation’s capital?
What impact might a
demonstration this large have on the federal government?
On Americans from the North and South?

55. March on Washington August 28, 1963
Demanded support to JFK’s Civil Rights Bill
250,000 people attended
Most memorable speech : King’s “I Have a Dream”

56. Play sound clip: MLK I Have a Dream Speech

57. Answer the Question
What do you think King said in his speech? Why was this speech so popular?

58. Explain what you see in the picture.
Where is this occurring?
What do you think is happening?

59. Civil Rights Act of 1964 Prohibited segregation in public facilities
Speed up school desegregation
Remove barriers to black voting rights
Prohibited discriminatory employment and labor practices

61. I. Voter Registration Drives
What do you see here?
What are the people
carrying?
Why do you think this
Many people would be
marching?
Do you think the
marchers will be
successful?

62. The Fight to Gain the Vote
Blacks were prevented from voting:
Required blacks to pay poll taxes
Harassed/beaten/threatened
Refused entrance to voter registration offices
Required blacks to take literacy tests

63. Freedom Summer
Over 1000 volunteered to increase voter registration in the South
Door–to-door campaign
Highly dangerous for participants
Leader: Fannie Lou Hamer
Registered over 63,000 black voters in the new Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party

64. Selma to Montgomery King organized a 5 day March in Selma, Alabama
50,000 participated
National attention on denial of voting rights to blacks

65. Voting Rights Act 1965 Eliminated voter literacy tests
Outlawed poll taxes
Reinforced idea that all citizens had the right to vote
prohibited discrimination because of race
740,000 registered in 3 years

66. 24th Amendment
Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other election for President or Vice President, for electors for President or Vice President, or for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State by reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax. Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

68. J. Malcolm X Who is this man? What do you think he might be saying?
What appears to be the mood of the speech?

69. The Nation of Islam (Black Muslims)
Goals:
Gain freedom, justice and equal opportunities for blacks
End police brutality and legal discrimination
Promoted separatism and black pride
Supported using violence as self defense
Gained popularity due to Malcolm X

70. Which philosophy do you agree with more – King’s or Malcom X’s? Why?
Answer Question
Which philosophy do you agree with more – King’s or Malcom X’s? Why?

71. K. Urban Race Riots What do you see? Who have might set the fire?
Why do you think soldiers are in the city?
What might have started this urban riot?

72. Race Riots
Urban blacks frustrated with unemployment, high crimes rates, and undesirable living conditions
1965 and 1966 riots in:
Watts, Los Angeles, New York, Chicago and 67 other cities
Kerner Commission looked into causes of riots
Releasing frustration of desperation they felt
Black Nationalism more relevant than King’s philosophy

73. King is Assassinated
1967 went to Chicago to bring attention to plight of urban poor
1968 began planning “Poor People’s March”
April, 1968 went to Memphis, Tennessee to support a sanitation workers strike.
Shot and killed by James Earl Ray

74. Create a Tombstone for King in the space below:

75. L. A shift to Radicalism What do you see here?
What is the man holding?
What message might this person be trying to convey?

76. Black Militancy
mid 1960s: some African Americans abandoned non-violent resistance
Tired of the slow progress for Civil Rights, African Americans adopted more radical methods
They wanted immediate action
would use violence to protect themselves and to get Civil Rights

77. Black Power
Idea that blacks should take control of their lives by violence if necessary
Preached racial distinctiveness, pride and leadership
White supporters were not welcomed

78. Black Panther Party Huey Newton – leader
Put ideas of Black Nationalism into practice
Set up schools for blacks and breakfast programs
Registered black voters
Ran black candidates
Collected weapons to patrol neighborhoods
Actions put pressure on government to address problems of urban blacks

79. Black Panthers
Write a level 1, 2 & 3 question

80. The Legacy of the Civil Rights Movement
Civil Rights Gains:
Ended de jure segregation
Passed the most important legislation since reconstruction:
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Voting Rights Act
The 24th Amendment
The Civil Rights Act of 1968 (ended discrimination in housing)
Many African Americans went to high school and finished college.
Gave African Americans greater pride in their racial identity.
Increase of black studies programs
African Americans began appearing more frequently in movies and television.
More African Americans were registered to vote.
A dramatic increase in the number of African Americans holding public office.

81. Answer the Essential Questions:
1. What legal avenues were taken to achieve advancements in the Civil Rights movement?
2. Who were the key leaders in the Civil Rights movement and what was their impact?