2. Introduction Introduction Background Background Objectives Objectives Design Specifications Design Specifications Risk Analysis Risk Analysis Budget Budget Questions Questions Agenda

3. KELD, LLC Roger Koenig KELD, LLC Roger Koenig Importance of Project: Importance of Project: Gas Prices Gas Prices Energy Prices Energy Prices Transportation needs Transportation needs Automobiles Automobiles Buses Buses Alternative Energy Alternative Energy Introduction

4. Supercapacitor Lithium-Ion Battery Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Research Background

5. Objective Develop an energy storage system that is suitable for Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) and renewable energy storage systems Develop an energy storage system that is suitable for Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) and renewable energy storage systems Use active circuit components and a microcontroller to maximize the efficiency of the hybrid battery-super capacitor combination Use active circuit components and a microcontroller to maximize the efficiency of the hybrid battery-super capacitor combination SizeCostWeight

6. Project scope For safety reasons this design will be a smaller scale test model of systems used in HEV and renewable storage systems. A 1KW pulsating load will be used to simulate energy demand Super- capacitors With high power density, super capacitors are the perfect complement to rechargeable batteries. Super capacitors are used as a buffer between the battery and a load. Our load will receive pulse power from the super-capacitors Load Pulsating load with 48 volts + 20%, one kilowatt peak power for 18 seconds over every 2 minutes( almost zero kilowatts for the remaining 102 seconds of every 2 minute period). A microcontroller will be used to send feedback to the battery- super capacitor system from that load. That feedback will be energy demand at every instance in time. Design Specifications

8. 48.1V Lithium Ion battery 48.1V Lithium Ion battery High energy density High energy density No memory effect and they have a slow loss of charge when not in use No memory effect and they have a slow loss of charge when not in use Provide energy to the constant load Provide energy to the constant load Active circuit components and a Protection Circuit Module (PCM) Active circuit components and a Protection Circuit Module (PCM)

12. Risk Analysis Battery Destruction by large discharge of current Battery Destruction by large discharge of current Cell Leakage (possible hazardous chemical reaction) Cell Leakage (possible hazardous chemical reaction) High power (1KW hybrid) Load might blow out the energy storage system easily High power (1KW hybrid) Load might blow out the energy storage system easily It is very dangerous to work with High Current system It is very dangerous to work with High Current system

13. Budget $10,000 budget which is provided by KELD, LLC $10,000 budget which is provided by KELD, LLC DC-DC Converters ($50-$70) DC-DC Converters ($50-$70) PCM ($80-$100) PCM ($80-$100) 13 cells (48.1V)Lithium ion ($800 -$1000) 13 cells (48.1V)Lithium ion ($800 -$1000) Super capacitors( to be determined) Super capacitors( to be determined) Load Resistors (1KW power rating $1000) Load Resistors (1KW power rating $1000) Microcontroller ($15) Microcontroller ($15)

14. Questions?