1. Neel Nagrath & Shlok Pimprikar
Leptospirosis
Neel Nagrath & Shlok Pimprikar

2. Who definition
“Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease that affects both humans and animals. The early stages of the disease may include high fever, severe headache, muscle pain, chills, redness in the eyes, abdominal pain, jaundice, haemorrhages in skin and mucous membranes (including pulmonary bleeding), vomiting, diarrhoea and a rash.”

3. About Leptospirosis Organism: Leptospira interrogans
Mode of transmission: Excrement of affected animals
History: Weil, Professor of Medicine at Heidelberg, first diagnosed the disease in humans in The disease was named after him – Weil’s disease.
Incubation period: 7 – 12 days
Diagnosis: The microorganism is found in blood, urine and CSF. Kidney function tests such as creatinine and BUN can be performed. Also, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Prevention: Doxycycline – prophylaxis, vaccines in countries like Cuba and China.
Treatment: Effective antibiotics include penicillin G, ampicillin, amoxicillin and Doxycycline. In more severe cases cefotaxime or ceftriaxone should be preferred.

5. Presentation High fever Severe headache Muscle pain Chills
Redness in the eyes
Abdominal pain
Jaundice
Haemorrhages in skin and mucous membranes (including pulmonary bleeding)
Vomiting and diarrhoea
Rash

7. Leptospirosis in India
Most outbreaks of leptospirosis are reported in coastal regions: Gujarat, Mumbai, Kerala, Chennai and the Andaman Islands. – High rates have been reported from Gujarat for several years. – Outbreaks of ‘Andaman hemorrhagic fever’ were first reported in 1988, and identified as leptospirosis in – Highest rates occur during October to November.

8. Bibliography
infection-in-Mumbai/articleshow/ cms

9. Thank you