1. Biochemistry The Chemistry of Life

2. Matter Matter - anything that has mass and takes up space (volume). To determine the mass of an object you must use a triple beam balance. To determine the volume of an object you must use a graduated cylinder.

3. All matter is made up of atoms Atoms are the simplest form of matter. Each atom consists of protons, neutrons and electrons. Atoms Movie

4. Atoms Protons and Neutrons - located in the nucleus of the atom. Electrons – go around the nucleus.

5. Protons (P) have a positive charge. Neutrons (N) have no charge. Electrons (e) have a negative charge. Most atoms are neutral because the # of protons equals the # of electrons.

6. Drawing an atom Before Drawing an atom, you must know the following: 1. Atomic Number: the number of protons in an atom 2. Atomic Mass: the number of protons and neutrons in an atom.

7. Drawing an atom To find the # of electrons: it equals the # of protons (so look at the atomic number) To find the # of neutrons: Atomic Mass (larger number) – Atomic Number (smaller number) # of neutrons

8. You can find these two things on the periodic table.

9. Or you can find this information 25 x 12 Atomic mass Atomic number

10. Finding the number of protons, neutrons and electrons - Place the correct number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of the atom. -Electrons surround the nucleus in orbits. -In the first orbit there can only be 2 electrons - All other orbits can have 8 electrons

11. Drawing atoms practice Draw the atom Oxygen

12. Isotopes Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same atomic number but different atomic mass. Therefore the atoms have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons. For example Carbon 12 and Carbon 14 are isotopesexample

13. Ions An ion is when the number of electrons doesn’t equal the number of protons. If there are more protons than electrons, there will be a positive charge. If there are more electrons than protons there will be a negative charge.

14. Chemical Bonding Chemical Bonding is when 2 or more atoms are linked together to form a molecule. There are two types of chemical bonds: ionic and covalent. Ionic bonds Ionic bonds transfer electrons to form a bond. Covalent Bonds Covalent Bonds share electrons to form bond

15. pH Scale The ph scale measures how acidic or how basic (alkaline) a solution is.

16. pH Scale The lower the number on the pH scale the more acidic. The higher the number the more alkaline (basic) 7 is neutral. Pure water has a pH of 7.

17. Indicators In order to determine of something is alkaline or acidic, we use indicators. An indicator turns colors based on where the solution is on the pH scale. Litmus paper is the most common indicator. Red litmus paper turns blue in alkaline solution. Blue litmus paper turns red in acidic solutions. - pH paper tells you the actual number of the pH.