1. Arm as Good as New Ethan Leavell Sulamita Staroverova Jalen VanTrease Tolu Amudipe

2. Amputation - a surgical removal of all or part of a limb or extremity such as an arm.leg, foot, hand, toe, or finger. Brain- computer interface (BCI)- a collaboration between a brain & a device that enables signals from the brain to direct some external activity such as control of a cursor or a prosthetic limb. The interface enables a direct communication pathway between the brain and the object to be controlled. Electrode- a conductor which electricity enters or leaves an object or region Invasive - medical procedures involving the introduction of instruments or other objects into the body or body cavities Invasive surgery - a medical procedure is strictly defined as non-invasive when no break in the skin is created and there is no contact with the mucosa, or skin break, or internal body cavity beyond a natural or an artificial body orifice mucosa - an intestinal membrane Prosthetic- An artificial body part; such as a limb, a heart or a breast implant Reinnervation - restoration of function Sensors- A device that detects or measures a physical property and records; indicates, or otherwise responds to it

3. Earliest records of prosthetic limb use were recorded in ancient Greek and Roman times. Prosthetic Devices have been constructed of basic materials and held to the body with leather attachments. 16th century French military doctor Ambroise Pare contributed some of the first major advances in prosthetics. Background (in reality)

5. First Prosthetic arm appearance in film: Metropolis (1927) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ddjjt3L0uTw Most well known appearance: Star Wars V: The Empire Strikes Back Background (in literature)

7. What advances need to or are likely to be made in the near future? The advances that are likely to be made are the time period the arm lasts. Also adding more sensors into the arm so the arm has more sensors like ( feeling heat / cold) What potential problems could arise from the use of this neuro-prosthetic technology? A problem that can arise from the neuro-prosthetic is that the way the arm is designed doesn’t last very long and that the human starts losing control over the arm over time. Also, that the prosthetic arm disappoints and mentally affects humans when the arm starts losing control. Future of Prosthetics

8. The main problem with the current technology is that it does not work over long periods of time. The second problem is that the skin to prosthetic joints rub together causing irritation and the grinding of bones. There are few prosthetics that give the patient the sensation of feeling. Problem

9. The information we collected told us about different arm prosthetics and their differences in length and purpose. Other research showed that with different materials in the BCI and in the joints we can lengthen working time and reduce irritation in the prosthetic to skin joints. Research

10. Some solutions could involve the BCI that allows signals to move from the brain to the prosthetic. Another solution involves the prosthetics method of picking up signals. Another possibility is that the piece that takes signals from the brain loses the ability to pick up those signals over time. Possible Solutions

11. The socket will be made of silicon and then covered with silk cloth to reduce rubbing and irritation at the contact point. Heat sensors will be added to palm and fingertip points on the prosthetic and connected to the BCI to allow the detection of heat. The BCI can be surrounded with a steel plate that will prevent tissue from growing over it and blocking connection. Best Solution

12. Prototype

13. Input: The heat sensor is our input which allows the coding to sense the heat of our finger tip. Which sends it to our Output. Output: Our output is the LED. Which signals us the reaction of the heat sensor. Spikerbox and the Arduino linked together, because both involve a computer that sends a coding in order to process. Test and Evaluation

14. Arduino design LED Force sensor Wiring for connections

15. Silicon joints and silk covers to reduce irritation and friction. Steel plate walls and stronger connectors on BCI to prevent connection loss. Heat sensors on hands and fingertips to allow heat detection. Final Solution

16. Final Design

17. Invasive surgery Most people do not like that an invasive surgery enters the brain and since they don’t like that they believe that an invasive operation should not be available. Some work, some don’t Sometimes a body won’t take the Ethical Issues

18. Chalmers University of Technology. (2014, October 8). Mind-controlled prosthetic arms that work in daily life are now a reality. Retrieved October 6, 2014 from http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/10/141008153616.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/10/141008153616.htm Clements, I. (n.d.). How Prosthetic Limbs Work. Retrieved November 19, 2014, from http://science.howstuffworks.com/prosthetic-limb1.htm http://science.howstuffworks.com/prosthetic-limb1.htm Dean Kamen's "Luke Arm" Prosthesis Receives FDA Approval (- IEEE Spectrum) http://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/biomedical/bionics/dean-kamen-luke-arm-prosthesis-receives-fda-approval McHugh, S. (n.d.). Features. Retrieved November 4, 2014, from http://bebionic.com/the_hand/featureshttp://bebionic.com/the_hand/features Norton, K. (2009, February 2). A brief history of prosthetics. Retrieved February 2, 2009, from http://www.amputee-coalition.org/inmotion/nov_dec_07/history_prosthetics.htm http://www.amputee-coalition.org/inmotion/nov_dec_07/history_prosthetics.htm Neuroprosthetics Research Group. (n.d.). Retrieved October 24, 2014, from http://www.bme.miami.edu/nrg/http://www.bme.miami.edu/nrg/ Prosthetic Primer: Materials Used in Prosthetics Part I. (n.d.). Retrieved October 12, 2014 from http://www.amputee-coalition.org/inmotion/sep_oct_98/matinprs.html http://www.amputee-coalition.org/inmotion/sep_oct_98/matinprs.html Bibliography