1. Objectives: 1. To measure the tensile force acting on the metal ring just before the liquid layer breaks away. 2. Determine the surface tension from measured tensile force.

2. Surface tension is result when the surface of a liquid is acted upon by attractive forces from adjacent molecule towards one side. The liquid appears to have a membrane in its surface allowing some insects to walk through. Theory: Formula of surface tension is : σ = ____F____ 4∏R where, F= Force ∏= 3.14R= Radius

3. Tools: Precision dynamometer 0.1 N Vernier caliper Crystallization dish, 95mm diameter, 55 mm high Laboratory stand Stand base, V-shape, 20 cm Stand rod, 75 cm Clamp with hook Distilled water Ethanol

5. These are some situations involving surface tension:

7. 1. Determine the diameter of the metal ring. 2. Make the zero adjustment at the dynamometer using the movable tube. 3. Pour distilled water into the crystallization dish. 4. Then, lower the clamp with the hook until the metal ring is completely immersed. 5. Carefully lower the laboratory stand and observe the tensile force at the dynamometer. 6. Take down the reading of the tensile force before the layer breaks away. 7. Pour out the distilled water from the crystallization dish. 8. Dry the crystallization dish and the metal ring. 9. Repeat the measurement with ethanol. Procedures of the activity:

8. Activity: Table 1 Radius of the metal ring = ____________m. Tensile Force of water = ____________mN Surface Tension = ____________mN/m Measuring result for water (mN m -1 ) Literature value for water at 25 0 C σ = 72 mN m -1 Measuring result for ethanol (mN m -1 ) Literature value for ethanol at 25 0 C σ = 22 mN m -1 Data: Table 2