1. The role of the police To explain how police Scotland has changed To identify the powers of the police

2. Speed Dating  What is the role of the police?  To protect people from crime and prevent crime from happening.  Name 4 police departments?  CID, Traffic, Dog handlers and mounted police.  What powers do the police have?  Arrest, detain, stop and search.  What is Zero Tolerance?  When the police accept no crimes.  What is community policing?  Police out on the streets.  What can the police use to defend themselves?  CS spay, handcuffs, batons, some carry tasers.  What is Neighbourhood Watch?  People protect their homes and streets from crime.  What is CCTV?  Closed Circuit Television used to help catch criminals.

3. Police Scotland  What do we know about police Scotland?  What has been in the news recently?  http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-34072703 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-34072703

4. Who are Police Scotland?  Police Scotland is the national police force of Scotland.  It was formed on 1 st April 2013.  The eight territorial police forces joined together to produce one force.

5. Improving Services  Police Scotland hopes to improve service delivery to individuals and local communities in Scotland  They hope that by combining resources, they will be able to save money  In 2013, Police Scotland had 17,436 police officers, 5,637 police staff and 1,404 special constables

6. Police Scotland  Arguments for:  More financially efficient  Manage intelligence better and tackle crimes more effectively  Criticisms:  Too big to manage  Scotland is a diverse country – law and order issues in Glasgow are very different from Elgin!  Will be unresponsive to local community needs

7. Who is in Charge of Police Scotland?  Police Scotland’s first Chief Constable is Stephen House  He is responsible for dealing with the financial side of policing and deciding on priorities  To support him, he has 14 local area police commanders who identify the police priorities for each area  He is also supported by an executive team of Deputy and Assistant Chief Constables

8. The Main duties of the police  Maintain law and order  Detect crime  Prevent crime  Protect the public Reporting a crime

9. 1. Protect the public  The police are expected to uphold laws. However, there are very important rules in place to stop either the police or the government abusing power.  This is referred to as the rule of law.  This means that all members of the government and the police are subject to the same rules as everyone else.

10. 2. Maintaining Law & Order  The police have an important role to play to ensure that protests do not become riots.  The police have to keep order to ensure that everyone’s rights are respected.  In recent years the police have often been criticised for being too tough or not tough enough in this part of their role.  In 2009 a homeless man Ian Tomlinson suffered a heart attack after being hit by a police officer, as he watched a protest.  However, during the 2011 London riots the police were accused of not being tough enough.

11. 3. Prevent Crime  This can involve local schools and speaking to young people about the dangers of drugs and gangs.  The police may also help set up neighbourhood watch areas.  Police are often visible in cars and in busy town centres on Friday and Saturday nights, to deter people from committing crimes.

12. 4. Detect Crime  When a crime has taken place, police will investigate - checking out alibies and finding motives.  Specialist police officers with training and expertise in forensic science may be brought in for this part of the job.

13. Special Divisions in Police Scotland  Police Scotland has a number of national specialist divisions.  For example: The Special Crime Division  These divisions mean that when a serious crime takes place, or if public safety is under serious threat from organised criminals, the most professional response is available.  Police Scotland are trying to bring together investigative teams from all over Scotland.

14. Structure of the police in Scotland – CID  CID deals with investigations into serious crimes. For example: robberies, burglaries, sexual offences, fraud, serious assaults and murders.  CID officers sometimes assist uniformed officers in investigating less serious crimes, such as theft. The CID has the same rank structure as the uniformed branch. Officers are known as detective constable, detective sergeants and so on.

15. Drug Squad  Each area has a squad to deal with drug offences in their area. They will be involved in surveillance of local drug dealers, raids on premises and making arrests and will often work closely with their national counterparts.

16. Special Branch  Special Branch deals with terrorism. Its work covers investigations into firearms or explosives, which may be linked with threats to national security. This involves surveillance work and also keeping regular officers informed of any threats.

17. Traffic Police  A traffic officer is concerned with all aspects of road safety, while still getting involved in policing all kinds of non-traffic incidents. Main duties include:  dealing with motorway pile-ups and road accidents  checking that vehicles on the road conform to the legal safety requirements  dealing with motoring offences, such as speeding  breath testing procedures and dealing with drink driving offences  managing the traffic when the road is blocked by an incident or accident

18. Other specialist police areas  Mounted police  Underwater Unit  Police Dog Handlers

19. Activities Crime and the Law booklet 1. What are the main roles of the police? For each describe what it means and explain why it is important (a) Maintain law and order (b) Detect crime (c) Prevent crime (d) Protect the public 2. Explain the rule of law 3. Why do you think it is not the role of the police to decide if a person is guilty of a crime?

20. Extension  Crime and law booklet page 48-49  Questions 2 – 6.

21. The main powers of the police In groups, make a list of all the powers you think Police Scotland will have. Role and function of the police

22. Powers of the Police  Arrest a person for allegedly committing a crime  Stop and question someone they suspect of committing an offence or witnessed a possible offence  Ask someone to voluntarily go to the police station to help with enquiries  Detain for questioning for up to 24 hours  Stop and search people suspected of being in possession of drugs/offensive weapon/stole property  Issue Fixed Penalty Notices

23. Powers of the Police Stop and Search Detention of a suspect Arrest and Charge Use reasonable force Issue fixed penalties Enter a building with a warrant

24. Activity 1. Read Diary of a Police Officer and answer the questions that follow 2. Stop and Search powers – activities 1 - 5

25. Approaches to Policing Draw conclusions on the effectiveness of CCTV and community policing.

26. Proactive Policing  Police will target known criminals, especially those involved in organised crime, using informants and local intelligence to try and prevent any serious crimes from happening.  Examples of this involve the use of phone bugging, CCTV and email hacking.

27. Zero Tolerance  Under Zero tolerance initiative, any individual caught carrying out a crime in question will often be given the most severe punishment available rather than a police warning.  Police have used Zero tolerance when dealing with sectarian behaviour in parts of Glasgow.

28. Deterring Crime CCTV  CCTV is used to detect crime as it happens and deter the public from committing crime.  It is believed that if someone can see a CCTV camera they are less likely to carry out a crime, such as theft or assault.  CCTV footage can be used as evidence in a court.  CCTV camera operators can also report crimes as they happen.  The police and local councils believe that CCTV is an effective way of preventing crime.

29.  CCTV surveillance in Scotland's towns has trebled in the last 10 years.  The biggest rise in CCTV use has been in Aberdeen where 680 cameras were used in 2012 compared with 482 in 2011.

30. Arguments for and Against CCTV × Some people argue that CCTV is an invasion of privacy and that it does not actually help the police do their job. × They argue that more police officers on the streets would be a more effective way of making people feel safer on the streets. × In London in 2008 only one crime was solved for every 1000 cameras.  However, others believe that CCTV is a crucial way of fighting crime  Police cannot be everywhere and CCTV can be the eyes and ears of the police officers  CCTV helped to identify who carried out the 7/7 attacks in London,  In Edinburgh, figures show that CCTV resulted in 1,806 camera assisted arrests in 2012.

31. Activity 1. Describe the arguments for and against CCTV 1. At least two for each for and against! 2. “CCTV is useless, it has not helped the police solve any crimes and the public hate it.” Explain why the person who made this statement may be accused of exaggerating.

32. Community Policing Why is Community Policing important?  The idea behind community policing is to get back to the basics of what policing should be about.  The police should be based in local areas. People should know who their local police officer is and how to get in contact with them.

33. How does Community policing work?  Police get to know members of the community  They visit schools and conduct regular talks on drugs, alcohol and knife crime.  They aim to prevent young people from getting involved in crime.  Police may also speak to members of the community about crime s that have taken place in the area and may help the police gain information about local crimes.  Community wardens have been employed to help carry out this role. They can listen to the concerns of the public and pass it on to the police.

34. Activity 1. What is community policing? 2. Is CCTV or Community policing a greater deterrent of crime? Provide three arguments to back up your answer.

35. Extension task  Read pages 111- 113 of course notes textbook and answer the following questions:  3. Choose the three most important powers of the police. Explain why you think they are the most effective.  4. Write a paragraph on the different approaches to policing.  Read page 115 and answer question 3 on selective in the use of facts.

36. Police Initiatives To identify different ways in which the police tackle crime in Scotland

37.  One of the first initiatives launched by Police Scotland is designed to fight violence, disorder and anti social behaviour.  They have implemented a national campaign against violence. They will encourage people to reduce their alcohol intake in an attempt to reduce alcohol related violence. Police Scotland plans to use intelligence to prevent violent crimes by removing weapons, drugs and alcohol from well violent crime hot-spots.

38.  The Divisional Commander for Aberdeenshire and Moray is Chief Superintendent Mark McLaren.  Aberdeenshire and Moray has introduced many initiatives to tackle crime.

39.  Among the national initiatives that Aberdeenshire and Moray has taken part in is Operation RAC against domestic housebreaking.  That brought significant falls in the area with 24% less crimes between November 2013 and March this year while detection rates increased by almost 17%.

40.  The war on drugs also saw one seizure of heroin in Ellon with a street value of £140,000, one of the biggest drugs seizures in Aberdeenshire in recent years.

41.  Other successes during the year for the Aberdeenshire and Moray division included Operation Zenith to improve motorcycle safety across the North-east which is about to be rolled out across Scotland.

42. Activity  Answer questions 5 and 6 on p114 of course notes book on police initiatives.

43. To identify different road traffic offences in Scotland and judge how fair the punishments are

44. Traffic Offences  There were a total of 10,293 reported injury accidents in Scotland in 2010. The estimated total cost of all road accidents in Scotland in 2009 (including damage only accidents) was £1,151 million (2009 prices). There were 208 deaths on Scotland's roads in 2010, which is actually the lowest figure since records have been kept.

45.  The UK wide Highway Code applies to England, Scotland and Wales. The UK Parliament sets the maximum penalties for road traffic offences. The seriousness of the offence is reflected in the maximum penalty. If a road traffic crime is committed in Scotland, it is for the Scottish courts to decide what sentence to impose, according to circumstances.

46.  The Road Traffic Act, 2012 contains a wide list of offences. These are the most common and/or serious: Speeding  This is the most common traffic offence. Penalty points range from 3 to 6 and in some cases, for example speeding in a residential or 20mph zone, the driver can be disqualified outright. Totting Up  If you get 12 or more points on your licence within 3 years you must be disqualified from driving for a minimum period of 6 months. Exceptions can be made if a disqualification would cause the driver 'exceptional hardship'.

47. Driving while using a mobile phone  This offence merits 3 penalty points and a £60 fine. It is possible that using your phone can be the basis for a more serious careless or dangerous driving charge. Driving without Insurance  This crime will result in at least 6 penalty points and the offender can also be disqualified. Careless or Dangerous Driving  This crime carries an obligatory endorsement of the offender's licence. For Dangerous Driving there is a minimum period of disqualification of 1 year and an order to re-sit your driving test. The court can impose large fines and in the most serious cases a prison sentence.

48. Failing to stop after an accident or failing to report an accident  If a car is involved in an accident which causes damage to another car, animal or property, the driver must stop, provide his/her name and address and that of the owner of the car, to anyone affected by the incident who requests it. If the driver fails to do this, he must report the accident to the police within twenty four hours. Failure to do so can lead to a fine of up to £5000 and/or imprisonment for 6 months, with 5-10 point penalty and possible disqualification.

49. Causing Death by Careless/Dangerous Driving  This is the most serious charge that a motorist can face. Cases of this type are prosecuted in the High Court and in most cases result in a lengthy prison sentence.

50. Drink Driving  On average, around 7,000 people are killed each year across the UK by drink-driving collisions. Drink driving occurs in all range groups, but young men aged 17-19 are particularly frequent offenders. The Scottish Government plans to lower the limit from 80mg of alcohol per 100ml of blood to 50mg. The proposed changes of 50mg are the equivalent of around one pint of beer or a small glass of wine.  (A 2006 survey carried out by the Royal Automobile Club (RAC) discovered that 1 in 5 drivers questioned admitted to taking to the road while high on illegal drugs. Anyone convicted of death by dangerous driving while under the influence of drugs faces a maximum prison sentence of 14 years.)

51. Activity Use the course notes book to help you answer the questions: 1. Who is responsible for road traffic offences inn Scotland? 2. Describe the punishments under the Road Traffic Act 2012 3. Using the newspaper article on page 103, summarise the case of dangerous driving and the punishment given. Give your opinion on whether the punishment was fair.

52.  Describe the laws on drugs and examine how successful these are.

53. Drug and alcohol misuse  The Scottish Government estimates that 40-60,000 children may be affected by parental drug misuse. Immediate effects include children being at risk of neglect and of emotional and physical abuse. Long-term risks also include poor physical and mental health.  The key factors determining whether people experiment with drugs appear to be early years experiences, family relationships and circumstances, as well as parental attitudes and behaviours.

54. The Misuse of Drugs Act  The Misuse of Drugs Act states a number of offences including:  the possession of a controlled substance unlawfully with or without intent to supply it  the supply or offer to supply a controlled drug  allowing premises you occupy or manage to be used for the purposes of drug taking  Class A, B and C are controlled substances, with Class A considered to be the most harmful and serious.

56. Drug classification and penalties DrugsPenalties for dealing in drugs Penalties for possession of drugs Class AEcstasy, LSD, heroin, cocaine, crack, magic mushrooms, amphetamines (if prepared for injection) Up to life in prison or an unlimited fine or both Up to seven years in prison or an unlimited fine or both Class BAmphetamines, methylphenidate (Ritalin), pholcodine, cannabis Up to 14 years in prison or an unlimited fine or both Up to five years in prison or an unlimited fine or both Class CTranquilisers, some painkillers, gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB), ketamine Up to 14 years in prison, an unlimited fine or both Up to two years in prison or an unlimited fine or both

57. Legal Highs  Recently there has been an increase in the number of cases relating to the use of ‘legal highs’.  Legal Highs are not covered by current misuse of drugs laws, and so legal to possess or to use.  The number of deaths from legal highs has doubled in the last four years Discussion Questions Do you agree with the different classification for drugs? How should the government tackle the problem of legal highs?

58. ‘Reasonable Suspicion’  The Police Service of Scotland has special powers to stop, detain and search people under the “reasonable suspicion” that they are in possession of a controlled drug.  Scotland's only Drug Court is based in Glasgow. It targets those with serious, long-term drug problems to help them recover from addiction and rebuild their lives.

59.  To identify Alcohol laws in Scotland

60. You can not buy or be served alcohol if you are under 18 in a licensed premises The police can take away alcohol from under 18s in a public place It’s against the law for over 18s to buy alcohol for under 18s (buying by proxy) Driving when above the drink-drive limit costs lives and leads to prison, fines and losing your licence

61. Alcohol and the law  The licencing Scotland Act 2005 states the following rules about buying and selling alcohol.  No proof, no sale People who want to buy alcohol must be able to show proof of their age, such as driving licence or passport.  Responsible Sales People selling alcohol must not serve people who are drunk.  No happy hours Prices must be set 48 hours in advance and must remain the same for 72 hours.  It is illegal to buy alcohol for under 18s Anyone doing so may be fined up to £5,000 and or receive a three month prison sentence.

62. Changes to Alcohol laws  Discount deals Discount deals have already been banned in supermarkets. A provision of the Licencing Scotland Act 2005, introduced in October 2011, placed restrictions on how alcohol could be displayed and promoted. Sales have dropped in Scottish supermarkets since the ban. If this ban was introduced in pubs and clubs this may also reduce drunk and disorderly behaviour.

63. Minimum Pricing for Alcohol  The Scottish Government passed the Alcohol (minimum pricing)(Scotland) Act 2012 and plans to introduce a minimum price per unit of alcohol.

64. Activity Describe changes to alcohol laws in Scotland

65. Aim: Weigh up arguments for and against minimum pricing.

66. Watch the following clips and write down three reasons for and three reasons against minimum pricing. Arguments for Minimum Pricing http://vimeo.com/55524113 Arguments Against Minimum Pricing http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-scotland-politics-22182607 Activity 1

67. Activity 2  Your teacher will now give you a worksheet for or against minimum pricing.  Using this sheet, your video notes and your own thoughts, write down a list of arguments you could make in the class debate.

68. Arguments for Minimum Pricing  It makes people pay the social cost of alcohol.  It is not a panacea, but higher minimum price can be a factor in dealing with the very high social costs of alcohol abuse.  It can particularly discourage young drinkers from overconsumption. It will have a positive effect on the more ‘upmarket’ alcohol brands and pubs. People may go out to a pub and spend there, rather than ‘preloading’ on cheap alcohol from supermarkets.

69. Arguments Against Minimum Pricing  Some politicians have argued it will effect those on low incomes the most and reduce their living standards. There is already substantial tax on alcohol.  A higher minimum price could encourage people to switch to illicit ‘home brews’ and replacement alcohol which are more dangerous. The government would be better off just increasing tax on alcohol so that society pockets the extra cost rather than supermarkets. Then the tax revenue raised could be used to fund the cost of treating alcohol related diseases.

70. The debate  You are MSPs in the Scottish Parliament. You have been called to the debating chamber to discuss the proposal to introduce minimum pricing on alcohol.  The class will be split into two. You should indicate, by raising your hand, to the presiding officer (your teacher) when you wish to contribute to the debate.  You will have an opportunity to vote at the end of the debate.

71. Past Paper Question The work of the police in Scotland is varied. Describe, in detail, the work of the police in Scotland (6 Marks)

72. What we have covered…  The role of the police in maintaining law and order, detecting criminals, crime prevention and public protection.  Ways in which the police implement initiatives.  What are the laws regarding alcohol, drugs and road traffic offences?  How successful are these laws?