1. Which two Muslim cities served as political and administrative centers of Muslim empires?
Baghdad
Istanbul
Mecca
Mogadishu
Medina
I and III
II and IV
I and II
III and V

2. Today: 10/7 and 10/8 Practice Question Reading Quiz
Look at Reading Guide
Lecture
Exit
Objective:
Students will be able to describe how Family group traditions and a new religion created a new Post-Classical Empire

3. The First Global Civilization: The Rise and Spread of Islam
Chapter 6
The First Global Civilization: The Rise and Spread of Islam

4. Introduction Difference between the terms Arab and Islam
They do not mean the same thing
1st Global Civilization
What do you think this means???
Very unique development of an empire that expanded throughout the known world.
Centralization as well as a unifying factor of Religion
Spread very fast

5. 4 developments define postclassical centuries
Islamic civilization spread politically and culturally into Asia, Europe and Africa
Civilizations expanded into new world regions
The great world religions gained adherent from peoples once following local belief structures
The creation of a world network linking many of the individual civilizations

6. In this beginning Arab Peninsula Bedouin Societies  Nomadic
Herders
Trade routs
Clan/family ties

7. Clan Life A way to survive in a VERY harsh environment
Subsistence living
Water  constant struggle
Kin related. So Families made up the Clan
Survival depended on cooperation, support and loyalty.
If you were kicked out of your clan you would most likely DIE
Culture of violence

8. Tribes Tribe Clans were smaller family groups
Larger Tribal groups would come together in times of hardship and war
They usually didn’t get along
Tribe
Family Clan
Family Clan
Family Clan
Family Clan
Family Clan

9. Culture of Violence Clans would feud with each other
Could last for hundreds of years
Revenge is a major part of the culture

10. Warriors (and their families)
Organization
Unlike prehistory nomads, there is a great variation of wealth and power
Even within the clan
Shaykhs
Warriors (and their families)
Slave families

11. Trade Another major aspect of the culture
Small communities did develop in certain places to help facilitate trade
Mecca:
Founded by the Umayyad Clan of the Quraysh Tribe
Very affluent
Ka’ba: located here and is part of the pre-Islamic religion
Medina:
Established as an Oasis
Very agricultural
Controlled by multiple clans that didn’t get along
Meant that Medina was not very strong

13. Women
What do you think the gender relations were like in the Bedouin communities???
Not like pre-history equality
Women were not equal but may have had more rights
Depended a lot of the individual clans

14. Religion Before and During Muhammad
The clans blended animism and polytheism
Met the needs of their individual clan
Allah:
Quraysh tribe’s supreme god
Ka’ba was used as a religious place for multiple gods

15. During Muhammad
“The hardships of Muhammad’s early life underscores the importance of Clan ties in the Arabian world”
Muhammad
Born into a prominent clan of the Quraysh Tribe
Educated with the clan to be a merchant
During his caravan travels he met Christians and Jews
He was aware of the Monotheistic traditions developing
c. 610 He started receiving messages from Allah through the angle Gabriel

16. Islam Started very small
Muhammad was very respected so it helped to get his message out
So much fighting between tribes there was nothing to bring them together (unite them)
They were Arab but it was not a unifying factor
Islam provided a religion that was distinctly Arab and equal to other religions
Provided a possible end to the fighting

17. Ok so how did this all work
Muhammad settled disputes in Medina making it a stronger community
Umayyad didn’t like this because it threatened their trade
They attack Muhammad and his followers
After victory Muhammad was able to travel back to Mecca to the Ka’ba
Proved to be strong both as a man and a religion

18. Something to bring us together
Islam gave a common identity to the Arab world
Umma community of Faithful
This would rise above old tribal and clan boundaries
The Qur’an and Muhammad’s teachings would be incorporated into laws
ISLAM
Tribe
Clans
Tribe
Clans
Tribe
Clans
Tribe
Clans

19. BUT. . .
After Muhammad’s death many of the tribes renounced the faith and tired to return to old ways
The split
New leaders needed to be found and then they had to force those who left to return
This was a more Arab empire in the beginning

20. Successor Issue After Muhammad’s death: This Split
They had to decide on a Caliph to be the political and religion successor
Who do we choose ???
This Split
Shi’a: The successor should be a member of Muhammad’s family
Sunni: The successor should be the strongest
Umayads

21. Umayyad Dynasty
Arab conquest that began during the search for a successor continued
They wanted booty: that means riches
Didn’t worry so much about conversion
Have to share the booty
Dhimmi: people of the book
Damascus becomes the political center

22. Umayyad decline
They began to move away from the simple, frugal life that Muhammad taught
Were very centered around family ties and nothing else
Abbasids began to grow angry and wanted power
Used the Mawali (non Arab Muslims) and Shi’a to help them gain the power
Come to dinner
Reject those that helped them after they took power