1. Greater Washington Economic Outlook 2016 Catoctin Estate Planning Council January 13, 2016 R. Andrew Bauer, Ph.D. Senior Regional Economist Research Department

2. Greater Washington Economic Outlook 2016 2 R. Andrew Bauer, Ph.D. Senior Regional Economist January 13, 2016 The views expressed here are those of the author, and do not necessarily represent those of the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond or the Federal Reserve System.

3. A Solid Year Ahead 3 Last year the question was “Are we there yet?” Economic growth appeared to be accelerating Consumer spending stronger in H2 2014 Solid improvement in the labor market in 2014 Expectations for a solid-to-strong year ahead Above-trend consumer spending Business investment/manufacturing to strengthen Fiscal cuts less of an issue; adjustments continue Uncertainty still an impediment to stronger growth Fiscal policy, growth abroad, regulatory uncertainty Focus on pace of monetary policy moves in 2016

4. 4 Q3 2.0% Real Gross Domestic Product Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis via Haver Analytics & Federal Reserve Board Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate FOMC Projection Note: Projection is the median, central tendency, and range from the December 2015 Summary of Economic Projections. Red dots indicate median projections. Projections of change in real gross domestic product (GDP) are from the fourth quarter of the previous year to the fourth quarter of the year indicated.

5. 5 Quarterly average of monthly changes, thousands of persons Nonfarm Payroll Employment Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics via Haver Analytics Q4 Average

6. 6 Percent Unemployment Rate Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics & Board of Governors via Haver Analytics FOMC Projection December 5.0% Notes: FOMC projection is the median, range, and central tendency for the Q4 levels, from the December 2015 meeting. Red dots indicate median projections

7. 7 12 Month % Change Average Hourly Earnings Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics via Haver Analytics December 2.52%

8. Regional economy lagged US through 2014 Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis/Haver Analytics

9. Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics/Haver Analytics Regional labor market improved considerably in 2015 9

10. Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics/Haver Analytics Payroll Employment by Sector 10

11. Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics/Haver Analytics Regional labor market improved considerably in 2015 11

12. Regional labor market improved considerably in 2015 12 Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics/Haver Analytics

13. Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington MSA Business by Sector 13

14. Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington MSA Business Dynamics 14

15. Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics Loudon County Business by Sector 15

16. Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics Loudoun County Business Dynamics 16

17. Source: Census Bureau/Haver Analytics Housing market recovery to continue at moderate pace 17 Fairfax: 12% (2013) Loudon: 62% (2009) Prince William: 21% (2011) Virginia: 33% (2011) DC MSA: 36% (2009)

18. Source: Real Estate Business Intelligence, MRIS Housing market recovery to continue at moderate pace 18

19. Source: Core Logic/Haver Analytics CoreLogic HPI – Through November 2015 19

20. Source: FHFA/Haver Analytics Housing market recovery to continue at moderate pace 20

21. Monetary Policy 21

22. 22 November 0.4% FOMC Projection Personal Consumption Expenditure Price Index 12 Month % Change Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis & Board of Governors via Haver Analytics 2% Longer-run Target Notes: FOMC projection is the median, range, and central tendency for Q4/Q4 percent changes, from the December 2015 meeting. Red dots indicate median projections.

23. 23 November 1.3% FOMC Projection Core Personal Consumption Expenditure Price Index 12 Month % Change Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis & Board of Governors via Haver Analytics 2% Longer-run Target Notes: FOMC projection is the median, range, and central tendency for Q4/Q4 percent changes, from the December 2015 meeting. Red dots indicate median projections. Core PCE Price Index excludes expenditures on gasoline and food services.

24. 24 Federal Funds Target Rate January 8th Primary Credit Rate Monetary Policy Instruments Percent Source: Board of Governors via Haver Analytics Federal Funds Rate Target Range Interest Rate Paid on Reserves

25. 25 Percent January 8th 3-Month T-Bill 3-Month LIBOR Federal Funds Rate Primary Credit Rate Money Market Rates Source: Board of Governors & Financial Times via Haver Analytics & Bloomberg IOER Fed Reverse Repo Rate on Treasuries

26. 26 Federal Reserve System Assets Source: Board of Governors via Haver Analytics $, Billions Treasury Securities: $2,462 Agency Debt: $33 Agency MBS: $1,747 Note: Numbers may not add up due to rounding. Total: $4,531 Miscellaneous: $289 Treasury Securities: $1,652 Agency Debt: $87 Agency MBS: $844 Total: $2,865 Miscellaneous: $282

27. 27 FOMC Statement Information received since the Federal Open Market Committee met in October suggests that economic activity has been expanding at a moderate pace. Household spending and business fixed investment have been increasing at solid rates in recent months, and the housing sector has improved further; however, net exports have been soft. A range of recent labor market indicators, including ongoing job gains and declining unemployment, shows further improvement and confirms that underutilization of labor resources has diminished appreciably since early this year. Inflation has continued to run below the Committee's 2 percent longer-run objective, partly reflecting declines in energy prices and in prices of non-energy imports. Market-based measures of inflation compensation remain low; some survey-based measures of longer-term inflation expectations have edged down. Consistent with its statutory mandate, the Committee seeks to foster maximum employment and price stability. The Committee currently expects that, with gradual adjustments in the stance of monetary policy, economic activity will continue to expand at a moderate pace and labor market indicators will continue to strengthen. Overall, taking into account domestic and international developments, the Committee sees the risks to the outlook for both economic activity and the labor market as balanced. Inflation is expected to rise to 2 percent over the medium term as the transitory effects of declines in energy and import prices dissipate and the labor market strengthens further. The Committee continues to monitor inflation developments closely. The Committee judges that there has been considerable improvement in labor market conditions this year, and it is reasonably confident that inflation will rise, over the medium term, to its 2 percent objective. Given the economic outlook, and recognizing the time it takes for policy actions to affect future economic outcomes, the Committee decided to raise the target range for the federal funds rate to 1/4 to 1/2 percent. The stance of monetary policy remains accommodative after this increase, thereby supporting further improvement in labor market conditions and a return to 2 percent inflation. Source: Board of Governors December 16, 2015

28. 28 Continued… In determining the timing and size of future adjustments to the target range for the federal funds rate, the Committee will assess realized and expected economic conditions relative to its objectives of maximum employment and 2 percent inflation. This assessment will take into account a wide range of information, including measures of labor market conditions, indicators of inflation pressures and inflation expectations, and readings on financial and international developments. In light of the current shortfall of inflation from 2 percent, the Committee will carefully monitor actual and expected progress toward its inflation goal. The Committee expects that economic conditions will evolve in a manner that will warrant only gradual increases in the federal funds rate; the federal funds rate is likely to remain, for some time, below levels that are expected to prevail in the longer run. However, the actual path of the federal funds rate will depend on the economic outlook as informed by incoming data. The Committee is maintaining its existing policy of reinvesting principal payments from its holdings of agency debt and agency mortgage-backed securities in agency mortgage-backed securities and of rolling over maturing Treasury securities at auction, and it anticipates doing so until normalization of the level of the federal funds rate is well under way. This policy, by keeping the Committee's holdings of longer-term securities at sizable levels, should help maintain accommodative financial conditions. Voting for the FOMC monetary policy action were: Janet L. Yellen, Chair; William C. Dudley, Vice Chairman; Lael Brainard; Charles L. Evans; Stanley Fischer; Jeffrey M. Lacker; Dennis P. Lockhart; Jerome H. Powell; Daniel K. Tarullo; and John C. Williams. Source: Board of Governors December 16, 2015

29. 29 Summary of Economic Projections: Federal Funds Rate Percent Source: Board of Governors Note: Each dot in the chart represents the value of an FOMC participant’s judgment of the midpoint of the appropriate target range (or the appropriate target level) for the federal funds rate at the end of the calendar year. Projections made for the December 2015 meeting.

30. 30 Eurodollar Futures Percent Source: CME Group via Bloomberg December 15, 2015 January 11th, 2015

31. Outlook for 2016 31 Solid-to-strong U.S. economic growth Above-trend consumer spending Business investment & manufacturing to strengthen over course of the year Solid regional economic growth in 2016 Closed the gap with the US considerably in 2015 Employment growth on par with the US average Housing market to continue to improve moderately Uncertainty still an impediment to stronger growth Fiscal policy, growth abroad, regulatory uncertainty Focus will be on pace of monetary policy moves

32. The views expressed here are those of the author, and do not necessarily represent those of the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond or the Federal Reserve System. 32