2. Chapter Seven 第七章 Time: One Period 摩擦音 Friction consonants /f, v/ /θ, ð/

3. Can you read them correctly? A big black bug bit the back of a big black bear. A big black bug bit the back of a big black bear. Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers. Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers. The drummers drummed and the strummers strummed. The drummers drummed and the strummers strummed.

4. Introduction Introduction There are ten friction consonants in English. For all of them the lung pushes air through a narrow opening where it causes friction of various kinds. Among them, /f, θ, s, ʃ, h/ are voiceless consonants while / v, ð, z, ʒ, r, / are voiced consonants. There are ten friction consonants in English. For all of them the lung pushes air through a narrow opening where it causes friction of various kinds. Among them, /f, θ, s, ʃ, h/ are voiceless consonants while / v, ð, z, ʒ, r, / are voiced consonants.

5. /f/ & /v/ The consonants /f, v/ sounds are made by pressing the lower lip against the upper teeth allowing the air to force its way between them. The consonants /f, v/ sounds are made by pressing the lower lip against the upper teeth allowing the air to force its way between them.

6. 舌位图 /f/ & /v/ 舌位图 /f/ & /v/

7. /f/ /f/ fan / feel / fail /safe /café / refuse / fault / fast / funny / comfortable fan / feel / fail /safe /café / refuse / fault / fast / funny / comfortable /v/ /v/ view / valley/ vows / very /vase / five / love / living / lovely / have view / valley/ vows / very /vase / five / love / living / lovely / have Words practice

8. Phrases /f/ /f/ laugh and cough a beautiful knife look cheerful something funny laugh and cough a beautiful knife look cheerful something funny the first of February the first of February a photograph of myself a photograph of myself /v/ /v/ a vast field fig leaves a vast field fig leaves serve at five very vain serve at five very vain a fine vase five and a half years a fine vase five and a half years

9. Sentences /f/ Fanny cut half a loaf with a fine knife. He who laughs last laughs best. Friendly Franck flips fine flapjacks. /v/ Frances covered her face with a veil. Philips van delivers vegetables and fruit every day. Victor is very efficient man. A detective found various photos in the file.

10. Tongue twisters Fancy Nancy did not fancy doing fancy work. But fancy Nancy's fancy auntie did fancy Nancy doing fancy work. A flea and a fly flew up in a flue. Said the flea, "Let us fly!" Said the fly, "Let us flee!" So they flew through a flaw in the flue.

11. Jumbled sentences If Fred laughs, he isn’t free. If Phillips laughs, he gets frightened. If Grandfather flies, she looks beautiful. If you want to eat fish, you’re first. If you telephone information, it gets full of fat. If you fry food, they’re helpful. If a man has a wife, he looks funny. If you finish before the others, you need a knife.

12. /θ/ & /ð/ The consonants /θ, ð/ sounds are made by putting the tip of the tongue between the upper and lower teeth allowing the air to pass between the tip of the tongue and the upper teeth The consonants /θ, ð/ sounds are made by putting the tip of the tongue between the upper and lower teeth allowing the air to pass between the tip of the tongue and the upper teeth

13. 舌位图 /θ/ & /ð/

14. /θ/ /θ/ thumb / thread / birth / author /death / /ð/ /ð/ that / mother / father / those / these words

15. Phrases & Sentences /θ/ /θ/ a thousand thanks be thirsty three months a mathematician something nice her birthday a thousand thanks be thirsty three months a mathematician something nice her birthday /ð/ /ð/ three brothers’ rather thick thirsty thieves in the bathroom three brothers’ rather thick thirsty thieves in the bathroom those themes that thumb those themes that thumb cold weather rather than cold weather rather than

16. /θ/ /θ/ Something is better than nothing. Those clothes aren’t worth anything. A theater is a place where plays or others shows are performed on a stage. /ð/ /ð/ His father and mother went through thick and thin. Arthur is now breathing smoothly. That means something over there. sentences

17. Tongue twisters I thought a thought. But the thought I thought wasn't the thought I thought I thought. I thought a thought. But the thought I thought wasn't the thought I thought I thought.

18. Jumbled sentences A: Judith is at the theatre. Mr Smith is thirty – three. It’s Edith’s birthday today. I’m so thirsty. The Smiths’ house is north. Mrs Smith is thirty. The Smiths’ house is worth $ 30, 000. B: Are you? I thought you drank something. Is she? I thought she was at the Smiths’. Is he? I thought he was thirty. Is she? I thought she was thirty-three. Is it? I thought it was last month. Is it? I thought it was worth $ 30,000. Is it? I thought it was south.

19. Additional information Voiceless fricative / θ / as in “thin and voiced fricative / ð / as in “the do not occur in Chinese. Learners tend to substitute voiceless /t/ or /s/ for voiceless / θ /, so that “thin” sounds like “tin” or “sin”, and “them” sounds like “dem” or “zem”. Voiceless fricative / θ / as in “thin and voiced fricative / ð / as in “the do not occur in Chinese. Learners tend to substitute voiceless /t/ or /s/ for voiceless / θ /, so that “thin” sounds like “tin” or “sin”, and “them” sounds like “dem” or “zem”.

20. Summary and after-class assignments 1. Review and remember the words, phrases, sentences, tongue twisters and the chant learned in class 1. Review and remember the words, phrases, sentences, tongue twisters and the chant learned in class 2. Make sentences and /or advertising slogans containing the friction consonants. 2. Make sentences and /or advertising slogans containing the friction consonants. 3. Sing an English song 3. Sing an English song 4. 完成课后练习 葆青编著 高等教育出版社出 版 《实用英语语音》 P150-151 练习一： 1 、 2 、 3 题 4. 完成课后练习 葆青编著 高等教育出版社出 版 《实用英语语音》 P150-151 练习一： 1 、 2 、 3 题 5. 完成课后练习 胡文仲 祝珏 马元曦 李贺 编 外语教学与研究出版社出版 《大学英语教程》 第一册 P13 练习 1 、 P14 练习 2 、 3 、 4 练习 4 5. 完成课后练习 胡文仲 祝珏 马元曦 李贺 编 外语教学与研究出版社出版 《大学英语教程》 第一册 P13 练习 1 、 P14 练习 2 、 3 、 4 练习 4