1. Standardized Death Rates (using indirect methods)
Definition and numerical questions
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2. SDR by Indirect Method
When the age specific death rates for the given population are not available or there are fluctuations in age-specific death rates, we determine the number of deaths that would be expected in the given population, assuming that the age-specific death rates of the standard population had prevailed for one year in the given population.
The ratio of the total deaths observed in the given population to expected deaths, multiplied by the CDR of the standard population yields the age-adjusted or standardized death rate by the indirect method. In other words:
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3. The number of expected deaths for the ith age group is computed by the formula
Where
denotes the number of deaths in the ith age group in the standard population during a year.
denotes the midyear population figure in the ith age group of standard population during the same year
denotes the midyear population figure in the ith age group of the given population of the same year.
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4. Where CDR (standard population is):
If adjustment is also to be made with respect to sex, the expected deaths both for males and females are calculated separately in a similar way and the formula applied accordingly. In other words we use the formula
Where CDR (standard population is):
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5. Application of SDR (indirect method)
These methods can also be applied for computing the standardized accidents rates in factories when the number of employees and the accidents according to suitable age groups are available; true unemployment rates, given the number of persons and those seeking employment in a given area according to suitable age- groups.
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6. Example 1
Calculate the crude and standardized death rates from the following data:
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7. Data table Age group (years) District A Standard Population (p)
Deaths (d)
Population (P)
Deaths (D)
0-9
20210
728
231428
6960
10-24
29875
213
302170
1972
25-44
37294
462
293149
4759
45-64
16739
741
150122
7030
65 & over
4925
823
46500
8314
Total
109043
2967
29035
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8. Solution CDR for district A= (2967/109043)x1000 = 27.21
CDR for standard= (29035/ )x1000=28.37
The compositions for standard death rates both by
Direct method is by using formula:
Indirect method is by using formula
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9. Solution Age (years) Expected deaths in standard population
(by direct method)
Expected deaths in district A (indirect method)
0-9
8336
608
10-24
2154
195
25-44
3632
605
45-64
6646
784
65 & over
7770
881
Total
28538
3073
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10. Solution SDR (direct)= (28538/1023369)x1000=27.89
SDR (indirect)= (2967/3073)x28.37= 27.39
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11. Example 2
Calculate Crude Death Rate and Standardized Death Rates of 1964 population by (i) direct and (ii) indirect methods, using 1941 population as standard. The data are given below:
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12. Data Table Age-group (years) 1941 1964 Population Deaths
Specific Death Rates
0-9
10,000
220
15,000 20
10-19
11,000
132
12,000 11
20-49
7,000
105
8,000 14
50 & over
2,000 90
5,000 42
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13. Example 3
Calculate the CDR and SDR of the local population from the following data, using direct method
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14. Data table Age-group (years) Standard population
No. of deaths in standard population
Local population
No. of deaths in local population
0-9
600 18
400 16
10-19
1000 5
1500 6
20-59
3000 24
2400
60 & over 20
700 21
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15. Example 4 Calculate CDR and SDR for the following data.
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16. Data Table Age (years) District A Standard population (‘000)
No. of deaths
Male
Female
0-4
2110
2010 30 27 59 55
5-14
3340
3230 6 8
109
102
15-34
7320
7310 16 20
177
180
35-59
7960
8750 70 57
121
122
60 & over
3240
4280
196
230 34 41
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17. Question for Discussion
Point out the differences between Crude and Standardized Death Rates?
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