1. Unit 1 Great Scientists

2. Pre-reading
1. What do you know about infectious diseases? What do you know about cholera?
2. Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific research? Discuss in small groups the stages in examining a new scientific idea. What order would you put them in?
Draw a conclusion Think of a method Collect results Make up a question Find a problem Analyse the results Repeat if necessary

3. John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”

4. Dr. John Snow
史 諾 醫 生

5. Map of Central London 1853

7. Broad Street Pump Handle 街頭水泵

8. 1883年，Robert Koch 最终发现了霍乱弧菌（Vibrio cholera ）
John Snow经过流行病学调查
推论： “霍乱患者的粪便含有能繁殖的‘病毒’，霍乱在人群中的传播途径主要是被患者粪便污染的水源”
1883年，Robert Koch 最终发现了霍乱弧菌（Vibrio cholera ）

9. Scientific Report by John Snow
Comprehending
1. Fill in the chart after reading the passage.
Scientific Report by John Snow
The problem
Nobody know the cause of the serious disease of cholera.
Idea 1: strange cloud in the air that attacked victims
Idea 2: people absorbed the disease with their meals.
The cause

10. The method The results Idea 1 or 2? Why? The conclusion
Collect data from the next cholera attack to test theories. Try to prove which method was correct.
The method
The results
He found the cause of cholera was the polluted water.
Idea 2 because the data showed a connection with the water.
Idea 1 or 2? Why?
John Snow was able to defeat cholera once its cause was known.
The conclusion

11. 2. Read the passage again and answer these questions.
1. Cholera was a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today?
KEY: Two diseases, which are similar today, are SARS and AIDS because they are both very serious, have an unknown cause and need public health care to solve them.

12. 2. John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?
KEY: John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.

13. 3. Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map? Give a reason.
KEY: No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits. He identified those houses that had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.

14. Thank You