1. Performance decrement of children with ADHD most pronounced in slow condition (slower responding) accompanied by smaller P3 amplitudes Performance decrement of children with ADHD most pronounced in slow condition (slower responding) accompanied by smaller P3 amplitudes Wiersema & Van der Meere (2006), Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry Children with ADHD do not allocate enough extra effort in order to adjust their under-activated state

2.   NRT is a neural sheet draped over the lateral/anterior aspects of the thalamus   NRT is the functional interface between the arousal and attention systems   Receives axonal collaterals from corticothalamic, thalamocortical and reticular formation projections Nucleus Reticularis Thalami Portas et al. 1998, J. of Neuroscience, 18

3. extra effort no extra effort optimal state non-optimal state Performance  Actual state vs. required (target) state – effort allocation Theory of state regulation Monitoring disability?

4. Error Processing - Wiersema, van der Meere, & Roeyers (2005) – Journal of Neural Transmission Children with ADHD showed less pronounced post-error slowing on Go/No-Go and S1-S2 task Children with ADHD showed less pronounced post-error slowing on Go/No-Go and S1-S2 task No difference in ERN but diminished Pe in ADHD No difference in ERN but diminished Pe in ADHD Intact error detection but abnormal response strategy adjustments and deviant conscious (emotional) evaluation of the error Possible ACC disturbance ms 300 400 500 600 700 RTERTCRTE+1 condition control ADHD 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 [µV] -400-300-200-1000100200300 [ms] CzCz ERN Pe Controls Correct Controls Error ADHD Correct ADHD Error +