1. Solution or Pure Substance

2. Let’s start with a brainstorming activity
Make a web/chart of everything you know about solutions

3. What are solutions? A solution is a homogeneous mixture
A homogeneous mixture is one where particles are evenly mixed
You cannot tell the difference between the particles
There are two components in a solution

4. What are the two components of a solution?
A solution is made up of a solvent and a solute
Solute is the component in a solution which exists in a smaller quantity
Solvent is the component in a solution which exists in a greater quantity
In general, in solution chemistry, the solid (solute) is dissolved in a liquid (solvent)
We say something is soluble when the solute can dissolve in a solvent to form a homogeneous mixture

5. Can we combine an infinite amount of solute with a solvent?
The amount of one substance that will dissolve in a certain amount of another at a specific temperature refers to the solubility of a substance
Solubility varies with temperature
Why?
Many reasons, one is KMT and the other has to do with surface area.

6. Saturated vs Unsaturated
When no more solute will dissolve, we say the solution is saturated
When more solute can dissolve, we say the solution is unsaturated

7. Can liquids dissolve in a solution?
Yes, we refer to how liquids mix with one another as being miscible (soluble) or being immiscible (insoluble)
Polar liquids will be miscible with another polar liquid
Water and alcohol
Non-polar liquids will be miscible with another non-polar liquid
Salad oil and motor oil
A non-polar liquid will not be miscible with a polar liquid
Oil and water
LIKE DISSOLVES LIKE!

8. Dilution Calculations
Remember
C1V1 = C2V2
We can write it as well as M1V1 = M2V2
Just remember, we use dilutes to dilute things and make the solution less concentrated

9. Example
A student has mL of a 0.40M NaCl solution. How much water is needed to make it a 0.10M solution?

10. Example
A chemist adds water to 120.0mL of a 6.00M solution of NaOH until the final volume is 2.00L. What is the molarity of the resulting solution?

11. Example
What concentration results when 150.0mL of 0.36M solution of MgSO4 are added to 750.0mL of water?

12. Homework
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