1. DNA
"The Blueprint of Life"

3. DNA stands for... DeoxyriboNucleic Acid

4. DNA FACTS established by James Watson and Francis Crick
Shape of a double helix

5. codes for your genes  (traits)
made of repeating subunits called nucleotides

6. What is a nucleotide? Has three parts: PHOSPHATE DEOXYRIBOSE (sugar)
BASE  (A,T,G,C)

7. Base-Pair Rule Adenine <==> Thymine Guanine <==> Cytosine
The sides of the DNA ladder are phosphate & sugar
held together by  hydrogen bonds

8. Base Pair Rule
One side:     A   T   A      T   C   A      T   G   C      G   G   G
Other side:

11. How the Code Works
The combination of A,T,G,C determines what traits you might have, for ex.
C A T C A T   =  purple hair
T A C T A C  =  yellow hair

12. Think of the bases of DNA like letters. Letters form words
Think of the bases of DNA like letters. Letters form words.... Words form sentences....                 *endless                combinations

13. Let's Review What We Know About DNA
1.  DNA stands for:   De _____ ribo ______  acid
2.  What is the shape of DNA? _______________
3.  Who established the structure of DNA?  ____________
4.  Adenine always pairs with _______________
5.  The sides of the DNA ladder are deoxyribose and _____
6.  Guanine always pairs with _____________
7.  What is the complimentary sequence:   A A T  G  C A
8.  The two sides of DNA are held together by _______ bonds.
9.  DNA is composed of repeating subunits called ______________________
10.  What are the 4 bases that make up the rungs of the DNA ladder? _______________________________________

14. DNA REPLICATION
the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself (cell division)
SEMI-CONSERVATIVE - half of the old strand is saved

16. RNA - the messenger. single strand. ribose sugar
RNA - the messenger   *single strand *ribose sugar *contains no thymine, uracil instead *follows base pair rule DNA:   A  T  A   G  C  G RNA:  

17. RNA carries the "message" to the ribosomes, where proteins are made

19. DNA --> RNA --> Protein
Proteins are the building blocks of the organism (traits)

20. Transcription -  process where RNA is made from DNA Translation - process where proteins are made from RNA