1. Islam and Women’s rights
Siti Ruhaini Dzuhayatin
Center for Women’s Studies
State Islamic University
Yogyakarta-Indonesia

2. Topics How Muslim in Indonesia defines women’s rights.
Contentious Issues of Women’s Rights in Indonesia.
Initiatives to promote women’s rights in Islamic perspectives.

3. Islam in Indonesia

4. Islam in Indonesia
Diverse: ethnics, class and schools of thoughts (conservatives and progressive)
Cultural Islam and Ideological Islam
In the past:
Cultural Islam: Nine prominent Islamic scholars: Islamization through education & mass education
Political Islam: Islamic Kingdoms & Islamic local power.

5. Islam in Indonesia The Colonial
Cultural Islam: education & public services:
Traditionalist: Absorptive and accommodative to local culture but resistance to the “Western & Modern system” (Nahdatul Ulama)
Protecting & isolating Islamic community from colonial & Christian mission.
Maintaining the Islamic schools : Pesantren & madrasah
Rejecting modern science and Western “life style”
Based in Rural Areas and some are in the poor areas.

6. Modernist: Muhammadiyah
Based in urban setting, mainly trading communities.
Establishing Modern Muslim organization.
Engaging with the Islamic Modern thought
Defending Muslim from Christian mission by adopting colonial educational and public services.
Not possible to isolate Muslim from modernization.

7. Views of Women’s rights
Both Organizations tend to share similar stand points in women’s issues.
Conservative and selective in granting rights to women.
Muhammadiyah became very close to the New Order regime: Supporter of state gender ideology.
NU was gradually marginalized from the state affiliation: developing alternative discourse against the state interest: Pro-democracy movement= civil society movement: women movement.

8. Women’s rights & Social movements
Modernist is in support to state policy of “traditional women roles”
NU is more closer to the civil rights movement: Muslim Feminist
Feminist groups: universal perspectives which are critical to the traditional gender roles, religious mysoginy and politized state gender roles.

9. Issues of Women’s rights
Cultural: patriarchy
Legal Aspects:
Marriage and Family Law
National Health Law
Domestic Violence Act.
Economic Aspect: Respond to the current global economic order: global capitalism.

10. Women’s in Family Law 1974 Inter-religious marriage
The roles of husband and wife
The divorce matters
Polygamy
Inheritance

11. National Health Law
Reproductive Rights:
Abortion

12. Domestic Violence Act The definition of violence
The rights and responsibility to educate wife and children
The state involvement in domestic matters
Contribute to the family instability.

13. Respond from various groups
State affiliated organizations: Muhammadiyah, ICMI, Ulama association (MUI).
Civil Society: religious group: NU
Secular feminist.