1. Created by LL Sheets © Which of the following best describes how you feel about attending school? A.I would rather spend my time doing something else meaningful B.I enjoy learning and see school as an opportunity to learn C.I don’t really have an opinion D.I don’t like attending school but am required to attend

2. Created by LL Sheets © general view of spinning room, Cornell Mill. Fall River, Mass

3. Created by LL Sheets © Some boys and girls were so small they had to climb up on to the spinning frame to mend broken threads and to put back the empty bobbins. Bibb Mill No. 1. Macon, Ga.

4. Created by LL Sheets © A moments glimpse of the outer world. Said she was 11 years old. Been working over a year. Rhodes Mfg. Co. Lincolnton, N.C.

5. Created by LL Sheets © One of the spinners in Whitnel Cotton Mill. She was 51 inches high. Has been in the mill one year. Sometimes works at night. Runs 4 sides - 48 cents a day. When asked how old she was, she hesitated, then said, "I don't remember," then added confidentially, "I'm not old enough to work, but do just the same." Out of 50 employees, there were ten children about her size.

6. Created by LL Sheets © The overseer said apologetically, "She just happened in." She was working steadily. The mills seem full of youngsters who "just happened in" or "are helping sister." Newberry, S.C

7. Created by LL Sheets © Out after midnight selling extras. There were many young boys selling very late. Youngest boy in the group is 9 years old. Harry, age 11, Eugene and the rest were a little older. Washington, D.C

8. Created by LL Sheets © Michael McNelis, age 8, a newsboy [with photographer Hine]. This boy has just recovered from his second attack of pneumonia. Was found selling papers in a big rain storm. Philadelphia, Pa

9. Created by LL Sheets © Francis Lance, 5 years old, 41 inches high. He jumps on and off moving trolley cars at the risk of his life. St. Louis, Mo.

10. Created by LL Sheets © At the close of day. Waiting for the cage to go up. The cage is entirely open on two sides and not very well protected on the other two, and is usually crowded like this. The small boy in front is Jo Puma. S. Pittston, Pa

11. Created by LL Sheets © View of the Ewen Breaker of the Pa. Coal Co. The dust was so dense at times as to obscure the view. This dust penetrated the utmost recesses of the boys' lungs. A kind of slave- driver sometimes stands over the boys, prodding or kicking them into obedience. S. Pittston, Pa

12. Created by LL Sheets © Harley Bruce, a young coupling-boy at Indian Mine. He appears to be 12 or 14 years old and says he has been working there about a year. It is hard work and dangerous. Near Jellico, Tenn.

13. Created by LL Sheets © A young driver in the Brown mine. Has been driving one year. Works 7 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. daily.

14. Created by LL Sheets © - 9 p.m. in an Indiana Glass Works

15. Created by LL Sheets © Shrimp pickers, including little 8 year old Max on the right

16. Created by LL Sheets © Oyster shuckers working in a canning factory. All but the very smallest babies work. Began work at 3:30 a.m. and expected to work until 5 p.m. The little girl in the center was working. Her mother said she is "a real help to me." Dunbar, La

17. Created by LL Sheets © Hiram Pulk, age 9, working in a canning company. "I ain't very fast only about 5 boxes a day. They pay about 5 cents a box," he said. Eastport, Me.

18. Created by LL Sheets © - Cutting fish in a sardine cannery. Large sharp knives are used with a cutting and sometimes chopping motion. The slippery floors and benches and careless bumping into each other increase the liability of accidents. "The salt water gits into the cuts and they ache," said one boy. Eastport, Me

19. Created by LL Sheets © Richard Pierce, age 14, a Western Union Telegraph Co. messenger. Nine months in service, works from 7 a.m. to 6 p.m. Smokes and visits houses of prostitution. Wilmington

20. Created by LL Sheets © Bowling Alley boys. Many of them work setting pins until past midnight. New Haven, Conn

21. Created by LL Sheets © Mrs. Battaglia with Tessie, age 12, and Tony, age 7. Mrs. Battaglia works in a garment shop except on Saturdays, when the children sew with her at home. Get 2 or 3 cents a pair finishing men's pants. Said they earn $1 to $1.50 on Saturday. Father disabled and can earn very little. New York City.

22. Created by LL Sheets © A Jewish family and neighbors working until late at night sewing garters. This happens several nights a week when there is plenty of work. The youngest work until 9 p.m. The others until 11 p.m. or later. On the left is Mary, age 7, and 10 year old Sam, and next to the mother is a 12 year old boy. On the right are Sarah, age 7, next is her 11 year old sister, 13 year old brother. Father is out of work and also helps make garters. New York City.

23. Created by LL Sheets © Picking nuts in dirty basement. The dirtiest imaginable children were pawing over the nuts eating lunch on the table. Mother had a cold and blew her nose frequently (without washing her hands) and the dirty handkerchiefs reposed comfortably on table close to the nuts and nut meats. The father picks now. New York City.

24. Created by LL Sheets © Fish cutters at a Canning Co in Maine. Ages range from 7 to 12. The 7 year old boy in front, Byron Hamilton, has a badly cut finger but helps his brother regularly. Behind him is his brother George, age 11, who cut his finger half off while working. Ralph, on the left, displays his knife and also a badly cut finger. They and many youngsters said they were always cutting themselves.

25. Created by LL Sheets © Breaker Boys Breaker boys. Smallest is Angelo Ross. Pittston, Pa.

26. Created by LL Sheets © Question What photograph were you impacted of the most? Why?

27. Created by LL Sheets © Get with a partner and share your response…together you must decide on what photograph you believe should be used to describe child labor during the Industrial Revolution.

28. Created by LL Sheets © "Two children I know got employment in a factory when they were five years old………….the spinning men or women employ children if they can get a child to do their business……..the child is paid one shilling or one shilling and six pence, and they will take that (five year old) child before they take an older one who will cost more." George Gould, a Manchester merchant, written in 1816.

29. Created by LL Sheets © "Woodward and other overlookers used to beat me with pieces of thick leather straps made supple by oil, and having an iron buckle at the end, drew blood almost every time it was applied." John Brown quoted in the "Lion" newspaper in 1828.

30. Created by LL Sheets © Now you will read studies, and stories about factory work AND write 3-5 sentence summary explaining what you feel about factory work/child labor

31. Created by LL Sheets © WHAT RULES DO YOU THINK THERE SHOULD HAVE BEEN ABOUT CHILD LABOR?

32. Created by LL Sheets © Child Labor Movement 1832 New England unions condemn child labor 1836 First state child labor law –Massachusetts requires children under 15 working in factories to attend school at least 3 months/year 1842 States begin limiting children’s work days –Massachusetts limits children’s work days to 10 hours; other states soon pass similar laws—but most of these laws are not consistently enforced AND lots of other reforms…

33. Created by LL Sheets © Which brings us to today… If you are under 14 you are only allowed to: –deliver newspapers to customers; –babysit on a casual basis; –work as an actor or performer in movies, TV, radio, or theater; –work as a homeworker gathering evergreens and making evergreen wreaths; and –work for a business owned entirely by your parents as long as it is not in mining, manufacturing, or any of the 17 hazardous occupations.

34. Created by LL Sheets © If I am 14 or 15… All work must be performed outside school hours and you may not work: –more than 3 hours on a school day, including Friday; –more than 18 hours per week when school is in session; –more than 8 hours per day when school is not in session; –more than 40 hours per week when school is not in session; and –before 7 a.m. or after 7 p.m. on any day, except from June 1st through Labor Day, when nighttime work hours are extended to 9 p.m. at traditional swimming pools and water amusement parks.

35. Created by LL Sheets © There are certain jobs you are allowed to do, including:certain jobs you are allowed to do, including: retail occupations;retail occupations; intellectual or creative work such as computer programming, teaching, tutoring, singing, acting, or playing an instrument; errands or delivery work by foot, bicycle and public transportation; clean-up and yard work which does not include using power-driven mowers, cutters, trimmers, edgers, or similar equipment; work in connection with cars and trucks such as dispensing gasoline or oil and washing or hand polishing; some kitchen and food service work including reheating food, washing dishes, cleaning equipment, and limited cooking;food service work including reheating food, washing dishes, cleaning equipment, and limited cooking; cleaning vegetables and fruits, wrapping sealing, and labeling, weighing pricing, and stocking of items when performed in areas separate from a freezer or meat cooler; loading or unloading objects for use at a worksite including rakes, hand-held clippers, and shovels; 14 and 15-year-olds who meet certain requirements can perform limited tasks in sawmills and woodshops; andsawmills and woodshops; and 15-year-olds who meet certain requirements can perform lifeguard dutieslifeguard duties

36. Created by LL Sheets © How much should I get paid… Although some exceptions may apply, in most circumstances you must be paid the federal minimum wage, $7.25 per hour. Your eligibility for the federal minimum wage depends on what you do and where you work. If you are younger than 20 and eligible for the minimum wage, your employer may pay you as little as $4.25 per hour for the first 90 consecutive calendar days of your employment. This is not limited to your first employer. Each time you change jobs, your new employer can pay you this youth minimum wage.