1. Blood Types

2. Objectives You should be able to: Define the term “Antigen.”
Explain what gives blood its type.
Define the four known blood types.
Explain how a blood type is determined using anti-sera.
Explain what an anti-serum is.
List which blood types a person can receive via transfusion given their blood type.
Explain why a person can only receive specific blood types.
Describe the concepts of universal receiver and universal donor.

3. Blood Types
What determines your blood type? What about your blood gives it a “type?”
Antigens
Proteins expressed on the cell membrane of a cell.
Antigens are “antibody generators.”
If a cell (with antigens) enters the body and it is recognized as foreign, the body will make antibodies against that cell’s antigens.
Antibodies
Against
Foreign
Antigens
FOREIGN
CELL
Foreign
Antigens

4. Blood Types
Once antibodies have been made they will attack the foreign cell, helping the white blood cells destroy it.
FOREIGN
CELL
Antibodies
attacking the cell

5. Blood Types
The antigens that determine blood type are the A and B antigens.
What are the four known blood types? A B AB O

6. Blood Types A B
= A Antigen
= B Antigen AB O
No Antigens

7. Blood Typing – Anti-serum
Anti-serum A: solution containing antibodies against the A antigen.
Anti-serum B: solution containing antibodies against the B antigen.
If anti-serum A is added to a drop of type A blood, the blood will clump up (agglutination).
The antibodies attack the A antigens and cause the blood cells to become sticky.

8. Blood Typing – Anti-serum
Blood Type
Anti-serum A
Anti-serum B A
Agglutination
No reaction B AB O

9. Who Trashed Your Locker?!
Inquiry Lab

10. Blood Types A No Yes B AB O
People with the following blood types will have the antibodies marked “Yes” in their blood.
Blood Type
A Antibodies
B Antibodies A No
Yes B AB O

11. Transfusions What does this mean when it comes to blood transfusions?
People can only receive blood that is compatible with their own blood.
Receiver
Possible Donor Blood Type(s) A
A or O B
B or O AB
A, B, AB or O O
Universal Receiver
Universal Donor

12. Transfusions

13. Blood Types
When the Rh antigen is added to this, what are the possible blood types?
A+ and A-
B+ and B-
AB+ and AB-
O+ and O-

14. Blood Types
Which of the follow blood cells do you think would have the Rh antigen expressed on its surface? A+ A-
= Rh antigen

15. Blood Types Review

16. What determines a person’s blood type?
Antidotes
Antigens
Antibodies
None of the above

17. What are the four known blood types?
A, B, AB, O
A, B, AO, O
A, B, AB, C
A, B, C, D

18. If a person has neither A nor B antigens on their red blood cells, their blood type is…AB O

19. A person’s blood type is B
A person’s blood type is B. Which antigens are present on their red blood cells?
A antigens
B antigens
AB antigens
O antigens

20. What does an anti-serum contain?
Antigens
White blood cells
Antibodies
Plasma

21. Anti-serum A contains antibodies against which antigen?
A antigen
B antigen
Both 1 and 2
None of the above

22. What happens when the antibodies in an anti-serum attack the blood in a blood sample?
Coagulation
Clotting
Clumping
Agglutination

23. One drop of blood agglutinates when anti-serum A is added
One drop of blood agglutinates when anti-serum A is added. Another drop of the same blood does not agglutinate when anti-serum B is added. What is the person’s blood type? A B AB O

24. What is Rh factor?
Antibody
Enzyme
Antigen
Disease