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Written Response Self-reliance is defined as the need for each individual to follow his or her own instincts and ideas. Should people make their own decisions,

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Presentation on theme: "Written Response Self-reliance is defined as the need for each individual to follow his or her own instincts and ideas. Should people make their own decisions,"— Presentation transcript:

1 Written Response Self-reliance is defined as the need for each individual to follow his or her own instincts and ideas. Should people make their own decisions, or should they seek guidance from experts and authorities about life’s important matters? Take a position on this issue. Support your response with reasons and specific examples in 3 Paragraphs.

2 American Transcendentalism “It was a high counsel that I once heard given to a young person, ‘Always do what you are afraid to do.’” – Ralph Waldo Emerson

3 Emotion Supernatural Atmosphere Nature Individual Subjectivity Transcendentalism Gothic Romanticism

4 Transcendentalism Proposes a belief in a higher reality than that found in sense experience or in a higher kind of knowledge than that achieved by human reason. Suggests that every individual is capable of discovering this higher truth on his or her own, through intuition

5 Deism Transcendentalism was strongly influenced by Deism, which although rationalist, was opposed to Calvinist orthodoxy. Deists hold that a certain kind of religious knowledge is either inherent in each person or accessible though the exercise of reason.

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7 Deism Transcendentalism also involved a rejection of strict Puritan religious attitudes Unlike the Puritans, the Transcendentalists saw humans and nature as possessing an innate goodness.

8 Born Bad or Good? Puritans Sinful TranscendentalistsGood Enlightenment Blank Slate

9 The Influence of Romanticism The celebration of individualism the beauty of nature the virtue of humankind

10 Nature & the Oversoul Transcendentalist writers expressed semi- religious feelings toward nature They saw a direct connection between the universe & the individual soul Divinity permeated all objects, animate or inanimate The purpose of human life was union with the “Oversoul” – a sort of convergence of the individual, God & Nature

11 The Oversoul Nature Individual God “In the faces of men and women I see God.” – Walt Whitman “The groves were God’s first temples” – Willam Cullen Bryant

12 Transcendental Beliefs Intuition, not reason, is the highest human faculty A rejection of materialism Simplicity is the path to spiritual greatness Nature is a source of truth & inspiration Non-conformity, individuality & self-reliance

13 “Self-Reliance” Ralph Waldo Emerson

14 Emerson Quotes “The reward of a thing well done, is to have done it.” “I hate quotations. Tell me what you know.” “What lies behind us and what lies before us are small matters compared to what lies within us.” “Make yourself necessary to someone. ”

15 Reading “Self-Reliance” Page 393-394 Answer the Following: 1.What does the passage beginning with “Trust thyself” tell you about Emerson’s belief in the individual? 2.What evidence does Emerson use in this paragraph to support this?

16 Break Out 1.What aspects of our society today reflect Emerson’s belief in self-reliance? 2.What terms does Emerson use to describe society? What does he say is the main purpose? 3.What evidence does Emerson use to support his claim that “to be great is to be misunderstood”?

17 Lost in Translation “A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds[…]” What does Emerson mean by this quote?

18 “Civil Disobedience” Henry David Thoreau

19 Thoreau Quotations “Things do not change; we change.” “The only danger in Friendship is that it will end.” “The best way to correct a mistake is to make it right.” “When I hear music I fear no danger, I am invulnerable, I see no foe. I am related to the earliest times and to the latest.”

20 Civil Disobedience Written after Thoreau spent a night in jail after refusing to pay a poll tax. Thoreau refused to pay the $1.50 tax because the revenues went to the government which was allowing slavery to continue and which was waging an unjust war against Mexico.

21 “Civil Disobedience” Influenced individuals such as Ghandi, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. & Cesar Chavez Click on photo for info about each person

22 Reading Civil Disobedience Page: 416-417 Answer the Following: 1.What does Thoreau consider the best type of government? 2.What is Thoreau asking the reader to do?

23 Exit Re-examine the opening paragraph of this selection. Paraphrase (Re-state) Thoreau’s philosophy in your own words

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