2. Inner core Outer core Mantle Crust

4. Increases

6. Seismic Waves.

7. Iron and Nickel *Mostly IRON *Outer Core=liquid

9. 1. Geological: Mountains in S. America line up with those in Africa 2. Fossils: Glossopteris and dinosaur remains in certain areas 3. Climate: Glaciers in Africa and tropical plants in Antarctica

11. Notice how fossils lined up across continents! http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/images/history/fossils3.gif

12. Did you know... 1. that India was once in the Southern Hemisphere connected to Antarctica? 2. that North America was once surrounded by warm, tropical seas? 3. that Africa was once covered by glaciers, which were kilometers in thickness? 4. that the Sahara desert was once a tropical rain forest?

13. The supercontinent of all continents as one landmass

14. Remains of living things. Has to have rapid burial and be preserved

15. The longest chain of mountains in the world. Found at the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean. Formed at a divergent boundary where molter material is coming up from the mantle

16. Did you know that the Earth’s longest mountain range is underwater and is called the mid-ocean ridge? : www.ocean.udel.eduwww.ocean.udel.edu The Mid-Ocean Ridge system, shown above snaking its way between the continents, is more than 56,000 kilometers (35,000 mi) long. It circles the earth like the stitching on a baseball!

17. Sea-floor happens at a divergent boundary at the mid-ocean ridge. New crust is being made and getting pushed further from the boundary. Old crust=further away from boundary

18. Convection Currents

19. 1. Plate Tectonics=plates are in constant motion due to convection currents. 2. Continental drift=all continents were once a single land mass named Pangea

20. 1. Covergent: collide/coming together. Produces: Mountains, trenches, volancoes, volcanic islands 2. Divergent: apart. Produces: rift valleys and mid-ocean ridges 3. Transform: slide horizontally. Produces: earthquakes and faults

24. Diverge on continental plates

25. Continental crust diverging from continental

27. Made up of the upper mantle and crust. It is the tectonic plates that are moving on top of the asthenosphere

29. The plastic like layer that is found in the upper mantle. The plates float on this!

30. Convection=transfer of heat. It happens in the mantle because the molten material is getting heated from the inner core. Hot=less dense=rises Cold=more dense=sinks

32. Mid-ocean ridges *Sea floor spreading

33. This is a model of sea floor spreading at a divergent boundary is called a mid ocean ridge.

34. 1. C + C=mountains 2. C + O= subduction of O. Volcanoes and trenches form. 3. O + O=subdction of one of the O’s. Volcanic islands and trenches form

36. Inner core. *The liquid outer core makes the inner core spin

38. Ocean crust is being formed at divergent boundaries.

39. The ocean crust is being subducted back into the mantle causing a trench

41. Density = mass/volume!

42. Divergent

43. Asthenosphere

44. It’s MORE DENSE. Twice as much elements!!!