1. ANCIENT INDUS

2. Along with, ___________ _______________ the Indus Valley
Ancient Indus
Along with, ___________
_______________ the Indus Valley
Civilization was one of the four
early civilizations of the Old World.
The civilization started around _____ BCE and continued until about _____ BCE.
Mesopotamia,
China, and Egypt
3300
1900

3. Geography of India Asia Himalayas Deccan Plateau
India is considered a “subcontinent” because of its size and natural barriers. It is actually a part of ________.
In the north are high mountains, the _____________.
There is a desert to the north west.
In the center is the _________________.
Hindu Kush Mts.
Asia
Himalayan Mts.
Himalayas
Deccan
Plateau
Deccan Plateau

4. Mount Everest Himalayas
The planet's tallest mountain range, including the highest mountain, ________________.
Provides a natural border for India.
Mount Everest

5. Indus and Ganges Rivers
Two of the most important geographical features in India, providing _____ sources and creating ________ land.
water
fertile

6. Monsoons
wind
Seasonal ______ patterns that cause wet and dry seasons.

7. Cities
The Indus Valley Civilization spread through present day _____, Afghanistan, Iran and most of _________.
Two major cities of this civilization were _______ and _______________.
India
Pakistan
Harappa
Mohenjo-Daro

8. Cities
One city was called the Harappa Civilization because the first archaeological site to be excavated was the city of Harappa.
Harappa was not the only urban center. More than ______ cities and settlements have been discovered along the Indus River.
1000

9. Cities
Six hundred miles to the southwest of Harappa was the largest city of Ancient Indus, Mohenjo-Daro.
The name means “Mound of the _______,” but so far no archaeologist has ever found a cemetery in the area.
They city was eventually abandoned and no one knows why.
Dead

10. Cities farmers bricks citadel bathrooms government
The people of the Indus Valley were mostly peaceful ____________.
They built large cities with ordered streets and ________ made all the same size.
They had a _________ (a fortified place up high, near the city)
The cities had sewage systems. Many had ____________ and indoor plumbing.
This indicates they had a strong central ________________.
farmers
bricks
citadel
bathrooms
government

11. This is a photograph of “The Great ______” at Mohenjo Daro
This is a photograph of “The Great ______” at Mohenjo Daro. This is one of the earliest examples of a public bath or water storage system found in the world. The Indus Valley people were great _________ and city planners.
Bath
architects

12. Here is a reconstruction of what the entrance to Mohenjo Daro might have looked like.

13. The Indus Valley people built _______around their cities which indicated that they might have had to defend themselves against other people. We do not know a lot about them because we cannot yet read their writing.
walls
The picture at the right shows an example of Indus Valley writing. Linguists are still trying to decipher the language. We know they traded with the people of Mesopotamia and Egypt so perhaps those people knew how to read and speak this language!

14. Sanskrit poems hymns Sanskrit
People needed a way to record _______ and _______that were important to their culture.
They created ___________- A writing system of 400 – 600 symbols that has yet to be deciphered.
poems
hymns
Sanskrit

15. Sanskrit The most important language of Ancient India
At first it was only spoken, then people figured out how to write it down
It is no longer spoken today

16. Indus Valley Script
Here are several examples of Indus Valley writing. It is believed that the Indus Valley people may have also written on palm leaves or cloth, but no evidence of this has survived.

17. Achievements The people of ancient Indus were Traders
Metal workers (_____________)
Construction engineers
Farmers
Brick makers
Potters
____________ (a person skilled in the arts, such as an architect, painter, or sculpture)
Metallurgy
Artisans

18. Achievements Science Medicine Astronomy Mathematics
________-They were pioneers in metallurgy (metal working).
_______- They could cure people using medicines, perform surgery, repair broken bones, remove infected tonsils, and inoculate against disease.
__________- They knew the Earth was round and the sun was a star.
___________-They developed a uniform system of weights and measures.
Science
Medicine
Astronomy
Mathematics

19. Metallurgy (Science) metals The science of working with ____________.
They knew how to create
high-quality tools and
_____________.
They made their
strongest products
out of ___________.
metals
weapons
iron

20. Alloys (Science)
Mixtures
___________ of two or more metals.

21. Surgery (Medicine) medicine noses crime
India had many advances in ____________.
One doctor from Ancient India wrote a book on how he rebuilt _______through plastic surgery.
He no doubt needed to do this often since having one’s nose cut off was one of the punishments for committing a _________.
medicine
noses
crime

22. Inoculation (Medicine)
Injecting a person with a small dose of a _______ to help him or her build up defenses to a __________.
virus
disease

23. Astronomy
stars and planets
The study of the ______________________

24. Astronomy
This is a depiction of an ancient Indian book that predicts ________ of the sun and moon.
eclipses

25. Math
This is a sample of elaborate mathematical calculations taken from an Indian text around _________ BC.
An Indian named Brahmagupta is credited with inventing the idea of _____________. This changed greatly how mathematics could be used.
600
“0”(zero)

26. Other Advancements- Seals
Indus Valley merchants used the seals as
________ and for ____________ purposes.
They were worn round the _____________.
They usually were made from soft clay and then baked hard.
They are rectangular, circular, or even cylindrical in shape.
Some seals have human or animal figures on them. A few bear the figure of _________ animals.
Over 3500 seals have been found.
labels
stamping
neck or arm
mythical

27. Other Advancements- Boats and wheels
Trade was very important. A lot of goods were moved on flat bottom _______ and the Indus Valley people may have been the first to use __________ transportation.
boats
wheeled

28. Other Advancements- Magnetic compass
Ancient India is also credited with inventing the ________________. Indians sailed the Indian Ocean in boats that were guided by a metal “fish” floating in oil. The fish pointed ________, acting as a compass for the boats.
magnetic compass
north

29. Ancient India
Ancient India brought inventions, ideas, philosophies, and social and ______________ that have spread throughout many of the world’s cultures.
This huge _______________ with its rich and varied history was certainly one of the greatest early civilizations in the world.
cultural traditions
subcontinent