1. Rhodes Hall and Henry Simons Echidna nebulosa Feeding Habits

2. Intro & Background Information ● Feeding Habits of Echidna nebulosa, or Snowflake Eels o What food stimulates the Eel? o Will the Eel only eat under certain circumstances? o Will the Eel keep eating till its full or just until we stop feeding it? o Does the location of the food matter? Photo from flickr.com

3. ● Taxonomy o Class Actinopterygii, Order Anguilliformes, Family Muraenidae (Stan Hauter) ● Indo-Pacific Oceans (Branson) ● First discovered in 1770 on Cook’s first expedition ● Two Jaws (Branson) ● Poor eyesight, great sense of smell (Branson) ● 5m - 20m in wild typically (John E. Randall, 2000) ● Live 4 years in captivity typically ● Typically feed on crustaceans Intro & Background Info. Cont.

4. ● Feeding Behavior of Echidna nebulosa (Miller) ● Knotting: A Previously Undescribed Feeding Behavior in Muraenid Eels (Miller) ● A Review of the Moray eels (Angulliformes: Muraenidae) of the Hawaiian Islands (Bohlke) Research

5. ● If we used fresh crustaceans instead of frozen ones would the eel react differently when we started feeding it? ● If we played a tune or rang a bell before feeding each time would the eel come out in preparation to being fed? ● How would changing the time of feeding affect the eel? ● Does the type of food affect the pace of feeding? ● How does the eel react to being fed from a feeding rod? Research Questions

6. Changing the feeding variables (time of day, type of food, circumstances) will alter the behavior of the Echidna nebulosa. Feeding the Echidna nebulosa live food instead of frozen food will cause it to consume it’s meal quicker. Hypothesis https://www.flickr.com/photos

7. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oSE3g bAKslU Knotting

8. ● Tank Measurements ● Used Quarantine Tank and then 4/1 moved to Tank 1 ● Tank Environment o Different Rocks o PVC Pipes o Styrofoam Top Created ● Different Feeding Habits o Distance from Eel o Type of Food o Time it took to Eat o Time of Day o Quantity of Food Research Plan

10. PVC Pipe Tank Alterations/ Challenges Tank Cover

11. ● If we used fresh crustaceans instead of frozen ones would the eel react differently when we started feeding it? ● If we played a tune or rang a bell before feeding each time would the eel come out in preparation to being fed? ● How would changing the time of feeding affect the eel? ● Does the type of food affect the pace of feeding? ● How does the eel react to being fed from a feeding rod? Research Questions

12. Eel Before Feeding (On Desktop)

13. Data Representation

14. Data Representation Cont.

15. Eel During Feeding (On Desktop)

16. Other Interesting Data

17. Reflection

18. Challenges ● access to eel(s) ● feeding variables live food time of day ● stopping the eel from feeding on tank mates

19. ● collect the variables we laid out ● different types of frozen food ● medium of feeding ● removing other prey from tank ● feed him on different intervals ● compare with eel born in wild How to make research more complete and moving forward

20. ● food preference ● optimal tank conditions ● tank cover ● captive born eels ● behavior Big Picture/Value flickr.com/pictures

21. (1) "Branson's Wild World » Snowflake Moray Eel » Branson's Wild World."Bransons Wild World RSS. N.p., n.d. Web..http://bransonswildworld.com/snowflake-moray-eel/ (2) "Snowflake Moray Eel." Snowflake Moray Eel. N.p., n.d. Web..http://www.aquaticcommunity.com/sw/snowflakemorayeel.php (3) "Snowflake Eel Profile." About. N.p., n.d. Web..http://saltaquarium.about.com/cs/eelcare/p/prosnowflakeeel.htm (4) Miller, Tracy J. "Feeding BEHAVIOR of Echidna Nebulosa, Enchelycore Pardalis, and Gymnomuraena Zebra." Copeia 3 (1989): 662-72. Jstor.BEHAVIOR http://www.jstor.org/discover 5. Miller, Tracy J. "Knotting: A Previously Undescribed Feeding Behavior in Muraenid Eels." Copeia 4 (1987): 1055-057. Jstor. http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/1445576?uid=2476052623&uid=2134&uid=2476052613&uid=3739616&uid=2&uid=70&uid=3&uid=2476052613&uid=3739256 &uid=60&purchase-type=both&accessType=none&sid=21104811101773&showMyJstorPss=false&seq=3&showAccess=false 6. Bohlke, Eugenia B., and John E. Randall. "A Review of the Moray Eels (Angulliformes: Muraenidae) of the Hawaiian Islands, with Descriptions of Two New Species." PROCEEDINGS of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 150 (2000): 203-78. Jstor.PROCEEDINGS http://www.jstor.org/discover/ 7. Mehta, Rita S., and Peter C. Wainwright. "Biting Releases Constraints on Moray Eel Feeding Kinematics." The Journal of Experimental Biology (2006): Web. http://jeb.biologists.org/content/ 8. "Snowflake Moray Eel FISH STATS" Coast Tropicals. N.p., n.d. Web. http://www.fishchannel.com/fish-species/saltwater-profiles/snowflake-moray-eel-2.aspx 9. H. Jerko. “Hearing in the eel.” Journal of Comparative Psychology (1989). Web. Bibliography