2. A Christmas Carol By Charles Dickens

3. About Charles Dickens Born February 7, 1812 to John and Elizabeth Dickens in Portsmouth, England. Charles was the second of eight children. Died of a stroke on June 9, 1870. Buried in Poet's Corner of Westminster Abbey.

4. Child Labor In Victorian England In 1840, only 20% of children were in school Many children worked 16 hour days Worked in Iron and Coal mines (where children began work at age 5 and generally died before they were 25) A law in 1847 limited both adults and children to ten hours of work daily with a six day work week

5. Workhouses In 1834 the Poor Law Amendment Act [PLAA] Poverty was the result either of idleness or of a personality defect Those who claimed poor relief and entered the workhouse were called 'inmates’ The inmates' own clothes were taken from them and each was given a uniform to wear

6. Debtor’s Prison Debt was a crime in Victorian England 1770's John Howard counted 2,437 debtors out of 4,084 prisoners Such prisons were filthy, rat- infested places People remained in prison until their debt was paid Charles Dickens father was jailed for debt Charles went to work at age twelve to pay the debt

7. A Victorian Christmas The Christmas tree-introduced into England in 1841 by the German Prince Albert, husband of Queen Victoria Decorated with lighted candles, candies, and fancy cakes hung from the branches St. Nicholas' birthday was on December 6th Children left out their wooden shoes on the eve of December 6th, hoping that St. Nicholas would fill them with sweets They used to call him "Santa Niklaus", which then became "Sinter Klass", which finally became "Santa Claus” Thomas Nast drew an illustration called, "Merry Old Santa Claus" for "Harper's Weekly" in 1881 And The Origin of Santa Claus

8. Victorian Christmas Music Before Queen Victoria, Christmas Carols were rarely sung Their popularity grew through Victorian Times Franz Gruber's "Silent Night" was written at a Lutheran Church near Leipzig Germany on Christmas Eve, 1824 Early in the 1870s, "Jingle Bells” was a favorite in America “Hark the Herald Angel Sings” “God Rest Ye Merry Gentlemen” was a favorite. It originally was a pub song with different words. God Rest Ye Merry Gentlemen Hark the Herald Angel Sings Silent Night Jingle Bells

9. A Christmas Carol Separated into five Staves (chapters) Three Spirits visit –Spirit of Christmas Past –Spirit of Christmas Present –Spirit of Christmas Future

10. Scrooge the Businessman The matter of making money is all important Works all day recording how much profit he has made into his ledger, but uses none to enjoy life His employee, Bob Cratchit, suffers without complaint

11. Forewarned by Marley Marley warns Scrooge of dangers in afterlife if he doesn’t change Tells of three visiting Spirits

12. Spirit of Christmas Past Spirit of Christmas Past visits Scrooge as a boy Fezziwig, Scrooge’s previous boss, understood that enjoying life was as important as business

13. Spirit of Christmas Present Spirit of Christmas Present has but a short life He had more than 1800 brothers (Today it would be over 2000!) Sprinkled Magic over people to create pleasant feelings

14. Spirit of Christmas Future Scrooge sees a death without emotion His fellow businessmen will not attend this businessman’s funeral Scrooge wonders if the course is set or can it be changed

15. Redemption Scrooge responds to Spirits by becoming the Friend to all of London He uses his money to better many people’s lives