2.  Description: Legal agreement that places restrictions on land; primarily to prevent development and to protect rare vegetation types or species in decline  Species to Consider: northern bobwhite

3.  Description: nonnative, invasive species do not provide suitable cover, structure, or food and reduce carrying capacity of an area. Species list found in manual  Species to Consider: barred owl, mourning dove, northern bobwhite, eastern cottontail, eastern fox squirrel, white-tailed deer,

4.  Description: Snag=standing dead tree; provide roosting & perching sites, insects for food  Species to Consider: barred owl,

5.  Description: avoid harvesting crops during nesting and fawning seasons. Crop yield and quality are dramatically decreased. Should only be recommended when a crop is planted or planned  Species to Consider:

6.  Description: Reducing tree density in woods adjacent to fields. Allows more sunlight to enter and stimulates understory, providing nesting and escape cover as well as foods.  Species to Consider: northern bobwhite, eastern cottontail, eastern fox squirrel, white- tailed deer

7.  Description: areas around crop fields designed to provide nesting, brooding, and escape cover for wildlife species, also increase forage/seed availability. Only recommend if there are fields without any or sufficient borders  Species to Consider: northern bobwhite, eastern cottontail, white-tailed deer

8.  Description:  Forest Regeneration: Removing some or all of trees in a stand to renew and maintain that stand. Do not create forest openings, use to generate young forest  Timber Stand Improvement: Improves quality and composition of forest through thinning or removal of undesirable species  Forest Road Maintenance: can be vegetated to benefit wildlife  Species to Consider: barred owl, northern bobwhite, eastern cottontail, eastern fox squirrel, white-tailed deer

9.  Description: provide food for species by leaving strips or blocks of grain or other crops. Should only be recommended if there is an unharvested crop present.  Species to Consider: mourning dove, northern bobwhite, eastern cottontail, eastern fox squirrel, white-tailed deer

10.  Description: managing number of individuals in an area or excluding. Grazing impacts structure and composition of vegetation community  Species to Consider: barred owl, mourning dove, northern bobwhite, eastern cottontail, eastern fox squirrel, white-tailed deer, bluegill, largemouth bass

11.  Description: boxes or other structures to provide artificial cavities for nesting  Species to Consider: barred owl

12.  Description: provide a supplemental food source for many wildlife species; commonly planted for game species to facilitate hunting  Species to Consider: mourning dove, northern bobwhite, eastern cottontail, eastern fox squirrel, white-tailed deer

13.  Description: Represent early successional stage; provide cover and food for many wildlife species.  Species to Consider: mourning dove, northern bobwhite, eastern cottontail, white-tailed deer

14.  Description: provide cover and soft mast; can be planted in hedgerows to create corridors for cover  Species to Consider: mourning dove, northern bobwhite, eastern cottontail, white-tailed deer

15.  Description: planted to provide food (hard & soft mast) and cover for wildlife species  Species to Consider: barred owl, mourning dove, eastern fox squirrel, white-tailed deer

16.  Description: Spillway= passage for excess water from a dam. Levee= embankment built to prevent the overflow of a river. Spillway should be repaired if eroded and keeping pond level too low; trees should not be growing on dam or levee  Species to Consider: mourning dove, bluegill/largemouth bass

17.  Description: done by fire, mechanical applications, and herbicide applications. Different applications give different results. Used to retain the successional stage beneficial for focal wildlife species  Species to Consider: barred owl, mourning dove, northern bobwhite, eastern cottontail, eastern fox squirrel, white-tailed deer

18.  Description: Delay tilling (preparing soil by turning over) from fall until early summer. Allows wildlife access to waste grain and cover  Species to Consider: mourning dove, northern bobwhite, eastern cottontail, eastern fox squirrel, white-tailed deer

19.  Description: Used to manipulate water level in ponds and impounded wetlands  Species to Consider: mourning dove, bass/bluegill

20.  Description: developing a source of water (small pond, shallow impoundment, water collection, backyard pond  Species to Consider: mourning dove, eastern fox squirrel, white-tailed deer

21.  Description: State and federal wildlife agencies set regulations for game and fish species. Landowners may choose to take the maximum allowed or less than that. Not an option for migratory birds since individual landowners cannot influence population  Species to Consider: northern bobwhite, eastern cottontail, eastern fox squirrel, white- tailed deer, bluegill/largemouth bass

22.  Description: State and federal wildlife agencies set regulations for game and fish species. Landowners may choose to take the maximum allowed or less than that. Not an option for migratory birds since individual landowners cannot influence population  Species to Consider: eastern cottontail, eastern fox squirrel, white-tailed deer, bluegill/largemouth bass

23.  Description: Using lethal and nonlethal methods to control problems occurring when wildlife and humans interact  Species to Consider: barred owl, eastern cottontail, eastern fox squirrel, white-tailed deer

24.  Description: Data collected on trends of wildlife populations and physical attributes used to prescribe future harvest or land management strategies  Species to Consider: All species, always recommend unless you are given information that one has been recently conducted

25.  Description: Used to create ponds specifically for fish with relatively permanent water. Ponds with steep sloping sides reduce aquatic vegetation and favor balanced fish populations  Species to Consider: bluegill & largemouth bass

26.  Description: Vegetation reduces ability of predator species to find prey. Can be accomplished through deepening edges of pond and chemical/biological control  Species to Consider: bluegill & largemouth bass

27.  Description: Increases phytoplankton/zooplankton and prevents rooted aquatic weeds from becoming established. Fertilizer should be applied if water is clear enough to see 18 inches below surface  Species to Consider: bluegill & largemouth bass

28.  Description: caused by particles in water such as sediment from erosion. Can be fixed by reseeding areas of bare soil around pond. Allows sunlight to stimulate phytoplankton  Species to Consider: bluegill & largemouth bass

29.  Description: Drastic measure that should only consider after trying other management techniques. Should be done by removing all fish in a pond and restocking with balanced population  Species to Consider: bluegill & largemouth bass

30.  Description: Boulders, rock, and logs can be placed in streams to create pools for various fish to hide, feed, and rest  Species to Consider: bluegill & largemouth bass

31.  Description: Remove culverts or dams to allow fish to access and migrate within stream system  Species to Consider: bluegill & largemouth bass