2. Sentence Structures Just as a good musician composes in movements or sections, so too does a writer plan each section or sentence that they construct so that it has an internal logic and can be read clearly and simply. There are rules that help every writer shape a sentence so that the message is never lost.

3. Phrases To be able to identify phrases in a sentence.

4. Unlike a clause, a phrase is a group of words that does not contain a subject and a verb. along the road with purple hair at the supermarket beside the hole behind the tree a forkful of pasta the large, red wagon

5. A phrase cannot stand on its own; however, when it is added to a sentence, it helps to create more meaning for the reader by providing further detail. We liked going to our cousin’s house, especially in the summer. The phrase ‘especially in the summer’ cannot stand on its own. It does not contain a verb or a subject. PhraseClause Subject Verbs Predicate

6. A phrase appear at the beginning, in the middle or at the end of a sentence. In Australian folklore, the bunyip is a creature that lives near a waterhole. The bunyip, in Australian folklore, is a creature that lives near a waterhole. The bunyip is a creature that lives near a waterhole according to Australian folklore.

7. A lot phrases start with a preposition such as after, along, before, beside, by, during, into, near, over, since, through, under, up and with. These are called prepositional phrases. Others may start with an article such as a, an or the. These are called noun phrases.

8. Activity 1 Decide whether the following are phrases (P) or sentences (S). a)Throughout the evening _____ b)We went swimming _____ c)In Elizabethan times _____ d)A major food group _____ e)It was terribly hot _____ f)At the hairdresser’s _____ g)She was mysterious _____ h)A mysterious look _____ i)To make spaghetti _____ j)With a brown moustache _____

9. Activity 2 Copy out the sentence, and highlight the phrase in each. a)A massive blockbuster, the film Star Wars was released to cinemas in 1977. b)It received ten Academy Award nominations, winning six. c)George Lucas, at 33 years of age, wrote the screenplay for the film and directed it. d)The famous English actor, Alec Guiness, who played Obi-Wan Kenobi, was the only actor to receive a nomination. e)The movie was a massive commercial success, particularly in the Western world. f)A science fiction film, the movie introduced a colourful array of new and exciting creatures and characters. g)Always dressed in black, Darth Vader is one of the most famous movie villains of all time. h)A further five Star Wars movies, the most recent in 2005, were released and were extremely popular with audiences and critics alike. i)George Lucas also contributed to the very popular Indiana Jones movie franchise with Steven Spielberg.

10. Activity 3 Add your own verb and subject to the following phrases to make interesting sentences. a)After breakfast... b)Along the canal... c)Beside the billabong... d)Through the forest... e)Under the umbrella... f)By the hot air balloon...