2. Discovered that they are unique. No 2 alike. A classification system was developed. Loops Whorls Arches

3. Computer database AFIS Automated Fingerprint Identification System 1990 IAFIS Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System Criminal histories; mug shots; scars and tattoo photos; physical characteristics like height, weight, and hair and eye color; and aliases. Response time: 10 minutes for electronically submitted criminal prints. One hour for electronically submitted civil prints.

4. Loop – comes in one side and out that same side. One delta on the side opposite from where it starts and exits. Most common Delta Enter Exit Turn

5. Whorl – Circular shape. Two deltas on either side. Delta

6. Arch – Up thrust, with a decline. Exits opposite side. EnterExit Up Thrust

7. Plastic – finger contacts a soft surface such as putty. Visible. Finger is covered with a liquid such as blood and then contacts a hard surface. Latent – Invisible. Oils, salts and other debris stick to a surface when it is touched by a finger. Most common.

8. Lighting – flash light, etc. Chemical reaction Iodine mixes with starches in the fingerprint and turns brown Ninhydrin mixes with the amino acids in the fingerprints and turns purple.

9. Dusting with fingerprint powder Gray – aluminum dust Black – carbon or charcoal Ultraviolet image converter – Reflected Ultraviolet Imaging System (RUVIS) Iodine Fuming Not permanent Must be photographed

10. Ninhydrin Amino acids Turns purple within an hour or two. Physical developer Silver nitrate based liquid reagent Good for porous surfaces

11. Used for slick surfaces. Superglue and dusting.

12. Identifying the pattern (loop, whorl, arch) Looking for minutiae Ridge ending Bifurcation Island Core Delta Cicatrix

13. What do you compare a lifted print to? A known sample How many points does the FBI use in identifying a print? 14 How does a fingerprint match become confirmed? With a microscopic match by a human being.