1. Cells

2. Robert Hooke -1655

3. In his book entitled Micrographia was the first to use the term cell
From the Latin “cella” meaning “small chamber”

5. Anton van Leeuwenhoek
A Dutch cloth merchant who became interested in studying cells.
Was the first to see and describe bacteria, sperm cells and protista

6. Anton van Leeuwenhoek microscope

7. Anton van Leeuwenhoek microscope

8. Theodor Schwann (1838) – all animals are composed of cells.
Matthias Schleiden (1838) – all plants are composed of cells.

9. Rudolf Virchow (1856) “Omnis cellula e cellula”
“where a cell arises, there a cell must previously have existed”

10. Modern Cell Theory All organisms are composed of cells.
Cell come from other cells.
Cells are the smallest unit of structure and function in living organisms.

11. Prokaryotic Cells Lack a true nucleus Size: 1-10 microns
Include bacteria

12. Basic Bacterial Cell

13. Eukaryotic Cells Have a true nucleus Size: 10-100+ microns
Include plants, animals, fungi and protista

14. Basic Cell Design Cell Membrane – surrounds the cell
Cytosol – “cell liquid”
Organelles – “little organs”
Nucleus

15. Cell Membrane Regulates the passage into and out of the cell
Provides protection
Helps in cellular recognition of molecules

16. Cytosol/Cytoplasm Cytosol: the liquid portion inside the cell membrane
Cytoplasm: the cytosol and organelles, but not the nucleus

17. Nucleus

18. Nucleus Contains DNA or chromosomes. Also called chromatin.
The cell’s “brain” or CPU.
DNA codes for protein production.

19. Cytoplasm
Contains the cytosol and organelles

20. Organelles Ribosomes Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi bodies or complex
Lysosomes
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts

21. Ribosomes

22. Ribosomes Are the cell’s protein factories
Read mRNA code as seen on the right
Maybe free in the cytoplasm
Or bound to the ER

23. Endoplasmic Reticulum
A membrane network within the cytoplasm
Two types: Rough – with ribosomes attached (RER)
Or Smooth – with no ribosomes (SER)

24. Rough ER Helps the ribosomes in the formation of proteins.
Used to transport proteins to other parts of the cell

25. Smooth ER Stores Calcium in muscles Forms fats
Detox center in liver cells

26. Golgi Body

27. Golgi Body Processes unfinished proteins Packages finished proteins
Distributes finished proteins

28. Lysosomes

29. Lysosomes Digestive sacs
While digest microbes in white blood cells called macrophages
Helps to form fingers and toes
Aids in the loss of the tadpole’s tail

30. Helps to recycle cellular structures
Sometimes called “suicide sacs”
Involved in rheumatoid arthritis

31. Mitochondria

32. The cell’s powerhouse
Involved in cellular respiration
Helps to convert “food” into cellular energy - ATP

33. Chloroplasts

34. Site of photosynthesis
Helps to convert light energy, water, and carbon dioxide into sugars.

36. Vacuole
Storage area
Helps to give support in plant cells