1. Kendall Fancher April 6, 2009 USFWS Presentation January 28, 2008 Reconnaissance

2. reconnaissance (geodesy) #An investigation of a region where a survey is to be made, to determine the best locations for observing stations, geodetic markers, etc.# National Geodetic Survey, 1986 : Geodetic Glossary 2

3. mark (1) #A dot, the intersection of a pair of crossed lines, or any other physical point to which distances, elevations, heights or other coordinates refer.# (2) #the object (such as an incised or stamped metallic disk) on which the mark (1) is placed#. (3) #The entire monument, consisting of the mark (1), the object on which it occurs (2) and the structure to which the object is fastened.# National Geodetic Survey, 1986 : Geodetic Glossary 3

4. 4 Mark Stability Codes Stainless steel rod driven to refusal Disk set in drill hole B Stability C Stability A Stability A = Most reliable and expected to hold position/elevation well B = Probably hold position/elevation well C = May hold, but of type commonly subject to surface motion D = Mark of questionable or unknown stability Disk set in poured in place concrete monument

5. 5 OH1136_MARKER: DV = VERTICAL CONTROL DISK OH1136_SETTING: 66 = SET IN ROCK OUTCROP OH1136_STAMPING: J 415 1983 OH1136_MARK LOGO: NGS OH1136_MAGNETIC: N = NO MAGNETIC MATERIAL OH1136_STABILITY: A = MOST RELIABLE AND EXPECTED TO HOLD OH1136+STABILITY: POSITION/ELEVATION WELL OH1136_SATELLITE: THE SITE LOCATION WAS REPORTED AS NOT SUITABLE OH1136+SATELLITE: FOR SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS - July 29, 1992

6. 6 OZ0811_MARKER: I = METAL ROD OZ0811_SETTING: 49 = STAINLESS STEEL ROD W/O SLEEVE (10 FT.+) OZ0811_STAMPING: K 415 1983 OZ0811_MARK LOGO: NGS OZ0811_PROJECTION: FLUSH OZ0811_STABILITY: B = PROBABLY HOLD POSITION/ELEVATION WELL OZ0811_ROD/PIPE-DEPTH: 7.0 meters

7. 7 OH1486_MARKER: DH = HORIZONTAL CONTROL DISK OH1486_SETTING: 7 = SET IN TOP OF CONCRETE MONUMENT OH1486_STAMPING: IDTD GPS 1991 OH1486_MARK LOGO: NGS OH1486_PROJECTION: FLUSH OH1486_MAGNETIC: N = NO MAGNETIC MATERIAL OH1486_STABILITY: C = MAY HOLD, BUT OF TYPE COMMONLY SUBJECT TO OH1486+STABILITY: SURFACE MOTION OH1486_SATELLITE: THE SITE LOCATION WAS REPORTED AS SUITABLE FOR OH1486+SATELLITE: SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS - September 10, 2001

8. 8 Every Mark in NGS’s Databases Has a Corresponding Datasheet. What is a Datasheet? http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/dsformat.prl

9. 9 Where to Get Datasheets  NGS Internal Database http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/datasheet.prl  OPUS Database http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/OPUS/

10. 10 Tools for finding NGS marks NGS Datasheets Homepage http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/datasheet.prl OPUS web page http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/OPUS/view.jsp DSWorld http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/PC_PROD/PARTNERS/index.shtml CO-OPS Bench Mark Datasheets http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/station_retrieve.shtml?type=Bench+Mark+Data+Sheets U-SMART http://www.agc.army.mil/ndsp/usmart.asp Scaredycatfilms.com Benchmark viewer (for marks as of 05/29/2008) http://benchmarks.scaredycatfilms.com/

11. 11 Mark Metadata  Descriptions  Images  Obstruction diagrams http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/AERO/aerospecs.htm#vol1

12. 12 “How To” Information For Setting Marks http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/AERO/aerospecs.htm#vol1