1. 1 Psychology 320: Psychology of Gender and Sex Differences March 28 Lecture 61

2. 2 Office Hour Invitations March 28, 11:30-2:30, Kenny 3102 20662136 25695107 37754108 40919110 48596126 49390115 78048097

3. 3 Paper: Topic due date: March 17 (Option A or B, 3-5 sentence summary; e-mail to your TA for approval). Paper due date: April 4 (note the extended due date). Questions? Reminder

4. 4 Announcement Course evaluations will be available online until April 11. If you have not received an e-mail link to your evaluations, visit: https://eval.olt.ubc.ca/arts. Your feedback is extremely valuable—to the Faculty of Arts, Psychology Department, and me. I modify courses on the basis of student feedback. Please complete your evaluation for this course. Your evaluation will be anonymous and secure. 4 To date, 3% of students have completed the evaluation. (Goal: 60% completion rate!)

5. A little R&R …. (Review and Reflect) 5

6. 6 Mental Health 2. Are there sex differences in personality disorders? 1. Are there sex differences in eating disorders? (continued)

7. 7 By the end of today’s class, you should be able to: 2. review the diagnostic criteria for personality disorders. 3. discuss sex differences in rates of personality disorders. 1. identify risk factors for eating disorders.

8. 8 4. Psychological Factors  Eating disorders are associated with a perceived lack of control, a lack of self-esteem, strivings for perfection and achievement, depression, anxiety, and impulsivity. Are there sex differences in eating disorders? (continued)

9. 9 5. Societal Factors  Parental pressure, peer pressure, and media have been linked to eating disorders in both sexes.

10. Body Dysmorphia Among Females 10

11. Muscle Dysmorphia Among Males 11

12. Luke Skywalker and Hans Solo Dolls 1978 (Left), 1998 (Right) Pope et al. (1999) 12

13. 13 Are there sex differences in personality disorders? According DSM V, a PD is:  “A … pattern of inner experience and behaviour that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual’s culture.”

14. 14  The pattern is inflexible and pervasive across a broad range of personal and social situations.  The pattern manifests in at least 2 of the following areas: cognition, affectivity, interpersonal functioning, and impulse control.  The pattern is stable and of long duration; its onset can be traced back to adolescence or early adulthood.

15. 15 Sex differences have been documented in the rate of prevalence of most (9/10) personality disorders.

16. 16 By the end of today’s class, you should be able to: 2. review the diagnostic criteria for personality disorders. 3. discuss sex differences in rates of personality disorders. 1. identify risk factors for eating disorders.