1. emester Final Exam F 5/14 from 9am-noon in... Q&A Th 5/13 TBA

2. Primary Succession after glacier retreat, 150-300 years Fig 54.22

3. Secondary Succession of a field (20 yrs)

4. Human vs Natural Disturbances

5. Fig 56.21 Restoration Ecology- human involvement in recovering from a disturbance.

6. Fig 1: Enhancement of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services by Ecological Restoration: A Meta-Analysis J M Rey Benayas, A C Newton, A Diaz, J M Bullock Science 28 August 2009: Vol. 325. no. 5944, pp. 1121 - 1124 What limits the success of restoration? Niche Disappearance, Invasive Species, and Climate Change

7. Fig 1. Ecological Restoration and Global Climate Change (2006) J. Harris, R. Hobbs, E. Higgs, and J. Aronson. Restoration Ecology 14: 170–176 Normal disturbances cause changes within a certain range, climate change may drive change beyond normal ranges

8. Fig 1: Enhancement of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services by Ecological Restoration: A Meta-Analysis J M Rey Benayas, A C Newton, A Diaz, J M Bullock Science 28 August 2009: Vol. 325. no. 5944, pp. 1121 - 1124 What limits the success of restoration? Niche Disappearance, Invasive Species, and Climate Change

9. Fig 56.21 Why would active restoration be chosen over passively allowing succession?

10. Ecological Restoration benefits on a large scale Restoration of the Mississippi Delta: Lessons from Hurricanes Katrina and Rita J W Day, Jr et al.Science 23 March 2007: Vol. 315. no. 5819, pp. 1679 - 1684

11. Storm surge, damage, and deaths were less where coastal wetlands are intact Restoration of the Mississippi Delta: Lessons from Hurricanes Katrina and Rita J W Day, Jr et al.Science 23 March 2007: Vol. 315. no. 5819, pp. 1679 - 1684

12. Future storm damage could be reduced by reestablishing coastal wetlands. Restoration of the Mississippi Delta: Lessons from Hurricanes Katrina and Rita J W Day, Jr et al.Science 23 March 2007: Vol. 315. no. 5819, pp. 1679 - 1684

13. Future storm damage could be reduced by reestablishing coastal wetlands, cost $5-$17 billion Restoration of the Mississippi Delta: Lessons from Hurricanes Katrina and Rita J W Day, Jr et al.Science 23 March 2007: Vol. 315. no. 5819, pp. 1679 - 1684

14. What are the two most basic resources necessary for biodiversity?

15. Restoring ecosystems must begin with the basics: water and space

16. Kissimmee River, Florida- Had been turned into a 90 km canal. About 24 km of the river has been restored. Fig 56.23

17. Rhine River, Europe- dredging for ships reduced biodiversity. Side channels are being reintroduced to allow species to recover. Fig 56.23

18. Water cycle Fig 55.14

19. Stream restoration in urban catchments through redesigning stormwater systems: looking to the catchment to save the stream C. Walsh, T. Fletcher, and A. Ladson J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc., 2005, 24(3):690–705

20. Restoration of streams degraded by urbanization has usually been attempted by enhancement of instream habitat or riparian zones.

23. The primary degrading process to streams in many urban areas is impervious cover

24. The direct connection of impervious surfaces to streams means that even small rainfall events can produce sufficient surface runoff to cause frequent disturbance.

25. Where impervious surfaces are not directly connected to streams, small rainfall events are intercepted and infiltrated.

26. http://www.brevstorm.org/watershed.cfm

27. A wet retention pond to filter pollutants and buffer and maintain stream flow

28. http://www.brevstorm.org/watershed.cfm Roadside ditches can increase water filtration

29. http://www.brevstorm.org/watershed.cfm Baffle boxes to store water and remove sediment

30. http://www.brevstorm.org/watershed.cfm Inlet screens for filtering large debris

31. http://www.brevstorm.org/watershed.cfm

36. Restoration of streams degraded by urbanization has usually been attempted by enhancement of instream habitat or riparian zones.

37. The use of alternative drainage methods, which maintain a near-natural frequency of surface runoff from the catchment, is the best approach to stream restoration in urban areas.

38. Two ways to think about the world: atoms molecules organelles cells tissues organs systems organisms ecosystem Reductionism holism planet

39. Ecological Interconnections

40. emester Final Exam F 5/14 from 9am-noon in... Q&A Th 5/13 TBA