1. Guided Notes – Mendelian Genetics

2. Let’s start with the basics!
Offspring share _______________ or characteristics with their parents.
Genetics explains how these traits are passed down – through the ___________________.
The way chromosomes interact during _______________ (and fertilization) explains the patterns we see in genetics.

3. Notes: Genetics The “Father of Genetics” is Gregor _________.
He used ___________ plants to further his investigations about patterns of heredity.
Why pea plants?
Easy to __________ which plants were bred together
They can self __________________ (reproduce with themselves)
Easy to count the offspring with certain ___________
Easy to __________
Produce many _______________ quickly
They have “either / or” traits (not in between), the ______________ are dominant or recessive… alleles are different versions of the gene – Ex. Gene: eye color, Alleles: green, blue, brown

4. Fertilization of Pea Plants
____________
____________

5. Mendel’s Experiments Grew pea plants that were _________ for a trait
Always produced offspring with that trait
The parents were called the ____ generation
The offspring of the cross between the P1 generation were called the ____ generation
The F1 generation was pollinated with its own pollen (______ ____________) and the offspring that resulted were called the F2 generation

6. Generations P1
X self

7. Mendel’s Conclusions…
Principle of ________________
Principle of Segregation
Principle of _______________ Assortment

8. Principle of Dominance
Have 2 alleles for each gene (an allele is a different version of a _________, ex. Gene = hair color, Allele = brown hair)
The ______________ an organism has are called its genotype (you have 2 alleles in a genotype).
The physical characteristics of the organism are called its _______________.
RULE: When an organism has 2 different alleles for a gene, it only shows the dominant trait in its _______________.

9. Principle of Segregation
Parents have 2 alleles for each trait
___________________ only receive one allele from each parent
RULE: A pair of alleles is separated during the formation of ______________ (meiosis)

10. Principle of Independent Assortment
Mendel started looking at more than one trait at a time and he found that the traits did not ______________ (affect) each other
He concluded that the alleles for different traits were not inherited ______________
They must mix up randomly during gamete formation (meiosis)
RULE: Alleles for different traits are distributed to gametes _________________.

11. Terminology Homozygous Heterozygous ______________ Recessive
“the ___________”
Either both dominant or both recessive
Heterozygous
“different”
One ____________ and one _____________
______________
Always shows up if it is there
Recessive
Only shows up if there is no ______________ present

12. Monohybrid Cross _____ box Punnett Square that involves 1 trait.
It is used to predict the offspring between ____ parents.
Examples:
____________ Ratios (genes, alleles)
Phenotypic Ratios (____________ traits)