1. Introductions to Genetics Mendel and all that…

2. Questions for you In your notes, answer these ?s: Who in your family do you most look like? Who in your family do you most look like? In what ways do you NOT look like that person? In what ways do you NOT look like that person? Who in your family has interests and preferences most like yours? Who in your family has interests and preferences most like yours?

3. Who Is This??

4. Mrs. Hunter’s relative…. Which relative?

5. Yep, you guessed it… It’s Mrs. Hunter’s……. Grandmother! Grandmother!

6. I. Some terms A. Genetics = study of heredity B. Heredity= passing traits to offspring passing traits to offspring

7. C. Traits 1. = characteristics that parents can pass to offspring 2. Examples of traits: Eye color Hair color Shape of eyebrows

8. What traits do you share? 3. What traits do share with your parents? siblings?cousins?

9. II. Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) A. Who was he? Austrian monk Austrian monk Studied the traits of pea plants Studied the traits of pea plants “Father” of modern genetics “Father” of modern genetics http://www.scienceshorts.com/gmendel.htm

10. B. Mendel’s Work 1. Background a. In peas, ♂ & ♀ parts are in every flower b. Pollen = plant sperm c. Self-pollination= flower fertilizes itself d. Cross-pollination= flower fertilized by another flower http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?articleID=F4604E0F-E7F2-99DF-30C88C9489BD83A2

11. 1. Background e. Peas have a lot of traits f. Can’t study them all at once g. Mendel studied one at a time http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/mendel/heredity.htm

12. 2. Mendel’s Experiments a. Mendel controlled the pea pollination b. ¿ How did he do this?

13. 2. Mendel’s Experiments ♂Removed ♂ parts from a flower ♀Dusted ♀ parts with pollen from another flower ¿¿ Was this self-pollination or cross-pollination? cross-pollination

14. 2. Mendel’s Experiments c. First Mendel crossed: c. First Mendel crossed: purebred purebred purebred purebred white flowered plant x purple flowered plant white flowered plant x purple flowered plant (P1 generation) (P1 generation) (P1 generation) (P1 generation) all offspring were purple all offspring were purple (F1 generation) (F1 generation)

15. 2. Mendel’s Experiments d. Then, he crossed the F1 generation with itself (self-cross) F1 X F1 3 offspring were purple 1 was white (F2 generation)

16. 2. Mendel’s Experiments e. What happened? Did the traits blend? Did the traits blend? Why were all the F1 flowers purple? Why were all the F1 flowers purple? Why did we get 3 purple & 1 white in F2? Why did we get 3 purple & 1 white in F2? http://www.biology.iupui.edu/biocourses/N100/images/heade rnotes.gif

17. 2. Mendel’s Experiments f. Vocabulary we need: f. Vocabulary we need: Gene = part of a chromosome that codes for a trait Gene = part of a chromosome that codes for a trait or a protein (we have two genes for every trait) (we have two genes for every trait) Allele = a form of a gene Allele = a form of a geneE.g. white or white or purple flowers purple flowers http://www.csulb.edu/~kmacd/361-6-Ch2.htm http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/internet/huntdisease/geninfo.cfm

18. Vocabulary Dominant = if present, Dominant = if present, is always expressed Recessive = both recessive alleles Recessive = both recessive alleles must be present for expression

19. g. Back to Mendel Let B = purple Let B = purple Let b = white Let b = white P1 x P1 P1 x P1F1 P1 BBbb Bb http://www.biology.iupui.edu/biocourses/N100/2k4ch10genetics.html

20. g. Back to Mendel F1 x F1 (self-cross) Bb x Bb 1 BB (purple) 2 Bb (purple) 1 bb (white) 3 purple 3 purple 1 white http://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetika

21. Questions Which allele is dominant? Which allele is dominant? Purple flowers or white flowers? Purple flowers or white flowers? Did the alleles blend? Did the alleles blend? NO, flowers were either white or purple, but not in between NO, flowers were either white or purple, but not in between Why were all the F1 flowers purple? Why were all the F1 flowers purple? purple is dominant purple is dominant Why did we get 3 purple & 1 white in F2? Why did we get 3 purple & 1 white in F2? purple is dominant purple is dominant

22. More Vocabulary Homozygous = Homozygous = 2 of SAME alleles for the same trait 2 of SAME alleles for the same trait (BB or bb) (BB or bb) Heterozygous = Heterozygous = 2 different alleles for the same trait 2 different alleles for the same trait (Bb) (Bb)

23. Practice Copy the table in the Quick Lab Copy the table in the Quick Lab on page 166 of the textbook into your notes Circle your phenotype (physical appearance) Circle your phenotype (physical appearance) for each trait Count the # in class with each trait Count the # in class with each trait Write the numbers in the boxes Write the numbers in the boxes

24. Questions 1. How many cleft chins: no clefts? 2. How many dimples: no dimples 3. How many hair above knuckles : hairless fingers? 4. How many freckles: no freckles? 5. For which phenotypes do we know the genotype (which genes are present)?

25. Bibliography Graphics 1. 11/3/07 1. Mendel picture http://www.scienceshorts.com/gmendel.htm 11/3/07http://www.scienceshorts.com/gmendel.htm 2. 2. Garden pea picture http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?articleID=F4604E0F-E7F2-99DF-30C88C9489BD83A2 11/3/07http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?articleID=F4604E0F-E7F2-99DF-30C88C9489BD83A2 3. 3. Pea characters http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/mendel/heredity.htm 11/3/07http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/mendel/heredity.htm 4. 4.F1 cross http://www.biology.iupui.edu/biocourses/N100/2k4ch10genetics.html 11/3/07http://www.biology.iupui.edu/biocourses/N100/2k4ch10genetics.html 5. Punnett Square http://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetika 11/3/07 http://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetika 6. Alleles http://www.csulb.edu/~kmacd/361-6-Ch2.htm 11/4/07 http://www.csulb.edu/~kmacd/361-6-Ch2.htm 11/4/07http://www.csulb.edu/~kmacd/361-6-Ch2.htm 11/4/07 7. DNA, genes, chromosomes http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/internet/huntdisease/geninfo.cfm 11/4/07 http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/internet/huntdisease/geninfo.cfm