1. Electromagnetic Induction FaradayLenz

2. Why does Electromagnetic Induction Occur? Horizontal Magnetic Field Move wire down - - - I - + I

3. Faraday’s Law Magnetic Flux Density, B Area, A Flux,  = B x A Unit of Flux is the Weber (Wb) Flux is a vector term Flux linkage of a coil = N x  = N x B x A Coil with N turns

4. Faraday’s Law If you make a wire cut through magnetic flux then an emf will be induced. Faraday’s Law: –The magnitude of the induced emf is equal to the rate of change of flux linkage This effect can be made by moving the magnetic field or moving the conductor  = gradient of the graph of Flux Linkage against Time

5. Whiteboard Challenge On your whiteboard, draw the axes as shown Now sketch the shape of the top graph as the car goes through the loop Now sketch the shape of the bottom graph, remembering that this graph is showing the gradient of the first graph. NN t t 

6. Flux linkage Rate of change of Flux linkage This is the gradient of this

7. N S

8. Now for you to get on with some work!

9. Questions: Page 241, Q4-8 Extension: Question 10

10. Lenz’s Law Do we need to apply Lenz’s law? –Does moving wire, a moving magnet or a changing strength magnet mean the flux lines are being cut? Yes: Then an emf will be induced in the wire. –Is the wire part of a complete circuit? Yes: Then a current will flow through the wire –Lenz’s law states that the direction of the induced current will produce a magnetic field to oppose the motion.

11. Lenz’s Law Magnet moves towards the coil Flux lines from the magnet are being cut by the coil Faraday’s Law states that: An emf will be induced in the coil The coil makes a circuit so there will be a current in the coil Lenz’s Law states that: The Left hand end of the coil will have an induced N pole to oppose the motion Right-hand grip rule indicates that the current must flow down at the back of the coil and up at the front. S N NS

12. Now some tough questions… Page 278, questions 20 & 21 … and if you want a real challenge (yes I know that you do!) have a go at 22 as well Note: You can also use the Right Hand Grip rule to show the direction of flux inside a solenoid (from South to North), if your fingers indicate the direction of current Q22