1. + The Public/Private Partnership in Cyber Security… Madeline Carr Aberystwyth University

2. + What is the P3 problem? Cornerstone or ‘hub’ of many national cyber security strategies. Disrupts expectations that the purpose of the state is to provide security. Collaborated with private and public sectors. An indistinct arrangement with unclear lines of responsibility and accountability. Acknowledging those challenges is essential to developing sound strategy.

3. + What is the P3? Public/private partnerships have a long history. Expectation that partnerships form because neither party can reach their goal alone. Typically, clear lines of responsibility and authority OR shared goals. Complex set of actors in this one. Why this language? Response to Thatcherism/Reaganomics. Loss of faith in both state and market…?

4. + What is Cyber Security? Security for whom? The state, the network, the economy… and therefore, individuals. Security from what? The trio of criminals, terrorists, states (deeply entrenched but problematic categories). Security by what means? Dominant practice outlined in NCSSs is information sharing.

5. + How do gov’ts see it? As a joint and shared pursuit. As a solution to the mandate and capability gap. As an area the private sector should and can take the lead on. As characterised by information sharing.

6. + How does the private sector see it? They don’t expect to fund national security. They’re unwilling to accept liability for its provision of national cyber security. They expect timely and actionable information sharing from the government. Can be hesitant to share their own info.

7. + Why is it problematic? Partnerships rely upon shared or confluent goals or clear lines of responsibility. Profitability is often incompatible with the provision of a ‘public good’. Can the state ‘outsource’ national security? Will/should the private sector accept liability?

8. + Implications How can we maximise personal relations that are important to info sharing? If CIP/CIIP is now regarded as integral to national security, and we rely upon the P3, what does that say about how well the state is equipped to carry out this core function? What are the implications for national and international security?

9. + Thank you. Madeline Carr Aberystwyth University