1. STANDARD(S): 12.1 Students explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy. LEARNING OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT 1.Compare the size of the Senate to the size of the House of Representatives. 2.Describe how senators are elected. 3.Explain how and why a senator’s term differs from a representative’s term. 4.Describe the qualifications for election to the Senate. 10-3

3. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 3 Chapter 10, Section 3 Additional Key Terms continuous body: a political body in which all of the seats are never up for election at the same time constituency: the people and interests represented by a politician

4. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 4 Chapter 10, Section 3 THE US HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

5. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 5 Chapter 10, Section 3 THE US SENATE

6. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 6 Chapter 10, Section 3 Introduction How does the Senate differ from the House? –The Senate has only 100 members, two from each state. –Members are elected to six-year terms.

7. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 7 Chapter 10, Section 3 Introduction Elections –Tuesday following first Monday in November of each even- numbered year.

8. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 8 Chapter 10, Section 3 Guided Reading The Congress CharacteristicsHouseSenate Size ? 1.100 Term Length ? 2. six years Date of elections ? 3. Tuesday following first Monday in November of each even-numbered year

9. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 9 Chapter 10, Section 3 Con’t. –Senators must be at least 30 years old, –be a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, –and be an inhabitant of the state which they are chosen.

10. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 10 Chapter 10, Section 3 Guided Reading The Congress Qualifications HouseSenate Age ? 4. at least 30 years Length of Citizenship ? 5. at least nine years Residence ? 6. inhabitant of State from which chosen

11. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 11 Chapter 10, Section 3 Structure of the Senate The size of the Senate changes as new states are admitted to the Union. –The Senate began with 22 members in 1789. Senators tend to represent a much larger and broader range of citizens than representatives. –Each Senator represents his or her entire state, while only seven representatives are elected at large from their entire state as opposed to a congressional district. –CA Population: 38,041,430 (2012 est) –Per CA District 716,000

12. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 12 Chapter 10, Section 3 Senate Terms There are no limits on how many six-year terms a Senator can serve. Senate terms are staggered so that one third of them expire every two years. –All the seats in the Senate are never up for election at the same time. 2014 1/3 2016 1/3 2018 1/3 2020 1/3 2012 1/3

13. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 13 Chapter 10, Section 3 California’s Senators Dianne Feinstein November 4, 1992 - … Barbara Boxer January 3, 1993 - …

14. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 14 Chapter 10, Section 3 Senate Terms If a senator dies, –they are typically replaced by a person appointed by the governor of their state until a special election can be held. If a senator resigns, –they are typically replaced by a person appointed by the governor of their state until a special election can be held. If a senator is expelled, –they are typically replaced by a person appointed by the governor of their state until a special election can be held.

15. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 15 Chapter 10, Section 3 Rod-Blagojevich “Pay to PLAY” In March 2012, Blagojevich began serving a 14-year sentence in federal prison following conviction for corruption including the soliciting of bribes for political appointments including the 2008 vacant U.S. Senate seat of then-President- Elect Barack Obama, while in public office.

16. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 16 Chapter 10, Section 3 A Unique Role Senators are thought of as being more focused on national issues and are more likely to be seen as national political leaders than members of the House. Why? –Due to their longer terms in office, Senators are seen as less susceptible than representatives to the pressures of public opinion –Senators represent larger and more diverse constituencies than representatives in the House, and can champion public policies that appeal to many Americans.

17. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 17 Chapter 10, Section 3

18. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 18 Chapter 10, Section 3 National Recognition Senators receive more national and home state media exposure than members of the House, Senators often use this publicity to help them launch presidential campaigns.

19. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 19 Chapter 10, Section 3 Senators: Policy and Prestige Senators are Washington celebrities - members of what is often called “the world’s most exclusive club.” Their names are frequently household words and their activities draw media coverage that allows them to call attention to issues that they deem important. Many senators use the spotlight to launch presidential campaigns.

20. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 20 Chapter 10, Section 3 Qualifications Senators must meet a stricter set of requirements for office than members of the House of Representatives. The Framers set these requirements, as well as the longer terms in office, because they wanted the Senate to be a more enlightened and responsible legislative body than the House. Senator Edward Kennedy (D., Mass) Harvard & Chappaquiddick

21. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 21 Chapter 10, Section 3 Informal Qualifications To be electable, senators must also meet informal qualifications. –These can include party affiliation, gender, ethnicity, name recognition, and being an incumbent. Fundraising is also vital for successful senate campaigns.

22. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 22 Chapter 10, Section 3 Senate Discipline The Senate has the power to discipline its members or refuse to seat an elected member. –The Senate can expel a member with a two thirds vote or punish them with a majority vote. –The Senate has expelled 15 members, most of them senators who supported secession during the Civil War. –The threat of expulsion or the embarrassment of being publicly denounced by the Ethics Committee has led some senators to resign.

23. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 23 Chapter 10, Section 3 The Millionaires’ Club Senators were originally elected by state legislatures rather than by popular vote. –In the late 1880s, the Senate was called the Millionaires’ Club because state legislatures often elected wealthy political party and business leaders.

24. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 24 Chapter 10, Section 3 The 17th Amendment Checkpoint: How were senators chosen before and after the passage of the 17 th Amendment? –In 1913, the 17th amendment changed the way Senators were elected. Senators are now elected by popular vote in statewide elections. Only one senator is elected from a state during any given election.

25. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 25 Chapter 10, Section 3 Guided Reading The Congress How Chosen Originally7. by State legislatures today8. by voters in the State

26. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 26 Chapter 10, Section 3

27. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 27 Chapter 10, Section 3 Guided Reading Key Terms 9. continuous body a political body in which all of the seats are never up for election at the same time 10. Constituencies the people and interests represented by a politician

28. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 28 Chapter 10, Section 3 Review Now that you have learned how the Senate differs from the House, go back and answer the Chapter Essential Question. –Whose views should members of Congress represent when voting?