1. Society

2. Social change n Technology n Conflict n Rational thought n Social Bonds

3. Technology & Social Change n Lenski’s n “Sociocultural evolution” occurs when society acquires new technology

4. Hunting & Gathering societies n Bow & arrow and stone knife

5. Horticultural societies n Hoe & digging stick

6. Pastoral societies n Domesticated animals

7. Agrarian societies n Plow n Large scale farming n Created u Cities u Greater specialization u Use of money

8. Early walled cities – China Top of wall

9. Early walled cities – China Door to the city

10. Early walled cities – China Bell to sound trouble

11. Walled city of Rhodes (Greece)

12. Walled city of Rhodes Note dry mote between two walls protecting the city.

13. Industrial societies n Sociology develops

14. Postindustrial n Computers n Information based

15. Conflict & social Change n Karl Marx n Production of goods u Major force that changes society

16. False consciousness n Beliefs that supported the capitalistic economic system n Individual, not society are responsible for problems n Substitute class consciousness

17. Class consciousness n Workers as a class against capitalists

18. Alienation n Workers were alienated from: u The act of working u Products of work u Other workers n Worker isolation and misery resulting from powerlessness n Capitalism blamed for alienation

19. Rational Thought & Social Change n Max Weber n Ideas, beliefs, values change society

20. Rationalization of Society n Used ideal types to compare societies at different times in history n Preindustrial = tradition based n Postindustrial = Rational thought

21. Social Bonds & social change n Durkheim n Mechanical Solidarity u Based on tradition n Organic Solidarity u Based on specialization u Produces anomie (little moral guidance)