1. Lakes and Ponds http://www.bing.com/videos/search? q=lakes+and+ponds&FORM=HDRSC 3#view=detail&mid=A8C9DDEE0081 2602AEE4A8C9DDEE00812602AEE4http://www.bing.com/videos/search? q=lakes+and+ponds&FORM=HDRSC 3#view=detail&mid=A8C9DDEE0081 2602AEE4A8C9DDEE00812602AEE4

2. Streams and Rivers http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=rivers%20and%20streams&qs=n&form =QBVR&pq=rivers%20and%20streams&sc=8-1&sp=- 1&sk=#view=detail&mid=DB5802DC0165C83CC7CEDB5802DC0165C83CC7CEhttp://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=rivers%20and%20streams&qs=n&form =QBVR&pq=rivers%20and%20streams&sc=8-1&sp=- 1&sk=#view=detail&mid=DB5802DC0165C83CC7CEDB5802DC0165C83CC7CE

3. Inland Wetlands https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= vAemFXNRWcQhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v= vAemFXNRWcQ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= 5jhAaHG0YDshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v= 5jhAaHG0YDs

4. Estuaries https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= XLumSN4G5P4https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= XLumSN4G5P4

5. Coastal Oceans https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= eIul2ObvKV8https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= eIul2ObvKV8

6. Open Ocean http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=let%27s+name+the+zones+of+the+open+sea+song&FORM=HDRSC3#view=detail&mid=7B1CF5 24546FAD8029B47B1CF524546FAD8029B4 http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=let%27s+name+the+zones+of+the+open+sea+song&FORM=HDRSC3#view=detail&mid=7B1CF5 24546FAD8029B47B1CF524546FAD8029B4

7. What are the current fishing practices? 7

8. Fig. 12-A, p. 255 Fish farming in cage Trawler fishing Spotter airplane Sonar Trawl flap Trawl lines Purse-seine fishing Trawl bag Fish school Drift-net fishing Long line fishing Lines with hooks Fish caught by gills Deep sea aquaculture cage Float Buoy

9. Purse Seines

10. Fig. 12-A, p. 255 Fish farming in cage Trawler fishing Spotter airplane Sonar Trawl flap Trawl lines Purse-seine fishing Trawl bag Fish school Drift-net fishing Long line fishing Lines with hooks Fish caught by gills Deep sea aquaculture cage Float Buoy

11. What impacts do these have on ocean life? Area of ocean before and after a trawler net, acting like a giant plow, scraped it. Figure 12-2

12. What are the current problems in our oceans? The major decline in the worldwide catch of fish since 1990 is because of over-fishing. By-catch- fish or animals that were not meant to be caught. Pollution in the 5 major gyres ( Trash patches) Whaling

13. Overfishing and Extinction: Gone Fishing, Fish Gone About 75% of the world’s commercially valuable marine fish species are over fished or fished near their sustainable limits. –Big fish are becoming scarce. –Smaller fish are next. –We throw away 40% of the fish we catch. –We needlessly kill sea mammals and birds.

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20. BYCATCH Overfishing and BYCATCH Sea Turtles 20

21. Whaling IWC: International Whaling Commission –Set up in 1946 –1986 Zero whale catch was introduced (except for subsistence fishermen which have limited numbers) JAPAN Whaling : RESEARCH –“North Pacific (2) - JARPN II (2000 and ongoing) It included sub-projects on: 1) feeding ecology (including prey consumption and preferences of cetaceans and ecosystem modeling); 2) stock structure; 3) environmental effects on cetaceans and the marine ecosystem http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-17312460 http://www.takepart.com/article/2013/03/01/japan-retreats-whale-hunt WHALE WARS 21

22. Sustainable Fishing Practices

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25. How do we do this… Market Place – Read labels Economic Incentives –TEDs –Round hooks –No more subsidies –Optimum sustainable yield –Individual Transferable Quotas (ITQ’s) Regulatory Approaches –IWC –Japan Whaling Research –Exclusive Economic Zones vs. high seas –Marine Protected Areas (MPA’s)

26. Aquacultures aka Blue Revolution Advantages Possibly support 50% of world’s seafood need. Low fuel cost High yield in low volume of water Reduces overharvesting Disadvantages Large waste output Destroy habitats Uses grain to feed some species Dense populations susceptible to disease. Escapes threatens wild fish populations (Disease, competition and interbreeding)

27. Aquaculture: http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/aquaculture /library/aq_video_gallery.html http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/aquaculture /library/aq_video_gallery.html Sustainable fishing in the Coral Triangle:http://wwf.panda.org/what_w e_do/how_we_work/conservation/mari ne/sustainable_fishing/http://wwf.panda.org/what_w e_do/how_we_work/conservation/mari ne/sustainable_fishing/ TED’s:http://video.nationalgeographic.c om/video/environment/threats-to- animals-environment/turtle-excluder/http://video.nationalgeographic.c om/video/environment/threats-to- animals-environment/turtle-excluder/