1. A Comparative view on Higher Education in Indonesia
Supra Wimbarti
(Universitas Gadjah Mada)
Intan Ahmad
(Bandung Institute of Technology)

2. Indonesia Bandung Yogyakarta

3. Distribution of Higher Education Institutions
4.486
12.985
2.633
2.266
3.550
5.543
1.685
1.038
4.393
1.035
4.846
3.089
761
2.202
4.393
7.446
3.626
1.713
2.231
2.851
7.596
8.033
9.588
1.531
32.380
10.644
43.021
37.476
3.891
3.452
Legend:
4.496
4.679
3.016
Higher Education Institutions
Population (1000)
Source: pdpt.dikti.go.id, 2011

4. Distribution of Students
4.486
12.985
2.633
2.266
3.550
5.543
1.685
1.038
4.393
1.035
4.846
3.089
761
2.202
4.393
7.446
3.626
1.713
2.231
2.851
7.596
8.033
9.588
1.531
32.380
10.644
43.021
37.476
3.891
3.452
4.496
4.679
Legend:
4.273
Students (1000)
Population (1000)
Source: pdpt.dikti.go.id, 2011

5. Early Development of Indonesian Higher Education System
Started at the turn of the 20th Century, with circa 200 students
Development started after independence
Education Law 1961 : 23 HE
Significant expansion 1970’s
1975: 230,000 students
1985: 1,100,000 students
1995: 2,500,000 students
2001: 3.4 million students
2009: 4.6 million students
(GER improve from 2% in 1975 to ~18.3% in 2009)
Number of HEI (2011):
Public : 88
Private : 3,015
Source:Dikti

6. Gross Enrollment Rate of Higher Education
Components
Year
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2010 *)
2011
Age
Students
Public
Private
Special
48.493
51.318
47.253
66.535
92.971
Islamic
Open University
APK (%)
18.26%
20,23%
20,66%
21,26%
22,00%
24,67%
26,34%
27,16%
18.36%
17.75%
16.91%
15.26%
*) Population Census, 2010

7. Real Challenge: Education Attaintment of Indonesian Labor Forces
2001
2006
2010
Elementary or not Completed ES
63.0%
55.5%
51.5%
Secondary School
17.7%
20.2%
18.9%
High School
10.3%
12.7%
14.6%
Vocational High School
5.5%
6.2%
7.8%
Diploma I,II,III
1.6%
2.2%
2.7%
University
1.8%
3.2%
4.6%
Source: Dikti

8. Providing Large Scale Scholarship for the Poors
Aiming at 20% Student Population Body from Q1 and Q2
Source: WB, 2010

9. The Roles of Higher Education
Development based on knowledge & culture
Development of Human Capital
Dissemination of Knowledge & Culture
Application of Science & Technology
Research & Development
Interaction with Industry & Society
Teaching & Learning
Publication
Source: Dikti

10. General Framework of HE Development
Orientation
Internationally competitive research University for National Innovation
Orientation: long term
National Development Orientation: Current and future
Local and regional development skills human resource
Research University
Teaching University/Polytech
Community Colleges
R&D & National innovation
Competitive human resource
Human Resource and regional R&D needs
Human resource development at local level
University mission is developed to match sustained sector development, local resources, and capacity of the institution
DPT, 2011

11. Grooming Research Universities and Developing Community Colleges
Research University
Grooming Research Universities
Teaching University/Polytechnics
One Flagship University and Two Polytechnics at each Province
Community Colleges
One Community College at each District/City
DPT, 2011

12. HEIs in Indonesia
Higher education is an extension of secondary education which consists of :
1. Academic education which focuses on the mastery of knowledge (BS, MS, Dr.) and
2. Applied education (Diploma 1-4; S2 and S3 applied) which focuses on preparing the graduates to apply their expertise.
3. Professional education (professional & specialist) which prepares graduates to be professionals (doctors, psychologists, etc).

13. Indonesian Qualification Framework
IQF 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 6
Expert
Technician/Analyst
Operator S2 S1 S3
General High School (3)
S2(Applied)
D I
D IV/ S1(Applied)
D III
D II
Vocational High School (3)
S3(Applied)
Specialist
Profesional
9 Year Basic Education (6+3)
Early Childhood Education (1-2)
Carrer Development

14. Resource sharing Sharing of staff resource: detasering program
Distance lecturing/learning
Sharing of information:
INHERENT: management, education, research through ICT; video tele conference
Garuda.dikti.go.id: joint repository of publications
Indonesian citation index: joint indexing of articles
Sharing of facilities:
Shared use of laboratory facilities

15. Improving Connectivity of Indonesian Higher Education and Research Network (INHERENT)

16. INHERENT
National ICT backbone for Indonesian higher education institutions
Improve quality of and access to Indonesian HE
Intensive development since 2006, aimed at:
ICT for research, education, and univ management
Resource sharing of research, education and academic community
Innovative ICT application development
Improve access and quality of HE
Designed as a scale free intra-network
End of 2007 bridged to the Global Development Learning Network to become the largest in country GDLN in the world

17. Internationalization of HE
2000’s: Internationalization of HE
Emergence of Bilingual programs
Internationalization of curriculum
International quality standard
Joint programs (institutional partnership/ collaboration)
Government scholarships to study abroad
University & DGHE programs for internationalization: promote academic collaboration  joint program, twinning/double degree program

18. Providing Large Scale Program for Upgrading Qualification of University Lecturers
Country
Master/PhD
Sandwich
Post Doc
TOTAL
2008
2009
2010
Sub-total 1
AUSTRALIA
262
222
110
594
148
172
111
431 68 42
1.135 2
MALAYSIA
259 50 35
344
184
186 3 4
534
JEPANG
147 95 69
311 47
157 49 91
559
INGGRIS
120 55
244 40 12 11 63 27 10 37 5
BELANDA 94 36 31
161 76
173 16 17 33
367 6
JERMAN 20
125 32 18 66 23 19
233 7
PERANCIS 14 57 90
114 8
USA 58
135
112
358 81 44
541 9
THAILAND 28 54
TAIWAN 25 30
Other 26
137 82 38 41
335
1104
590
442
2136
782
443
395
1620
284
206
490
4246
Nizam, 2011

19. Stimulating Research & Community Services
Research grants
Community Services
IPR: support for patent applications
Publications:
accreditation & improvement of scientific journals
Development of national on-line journals
Nation-wide e-journal subscribtion
Student Activity Programs
Entrepreneurship
Soft skills development
Education for Sustainable Development

20. Competitive-Based Funding (CBF)
Problem: disparity in quality of higher education institutions in Indonesia ( ~ universities)
Improve the Quality through Competitive Based Funding (CBF), started in 1996
Based on the proposal: granting an opportunity to the unit of the university to develop its own plan to improve the quality, implement the plan, and be responsible as well as accountable for that.

21. Quality Assurance Quality Assurance System
External: National Accreditation Board est. in 1997
Compulsory for study program accreditation
Institutional accreditationsince 2008
Internal: mandatory Internal Quality Assurance System
Indonesia Qualification Framework
Entry to HE: past 12 year elementary & high school
Dual track system: Academic & Vocational tracks
S1 (BA): 4 year ( Sem. Credit units)
S2 (MS): 2 year (40-50 Sem. Credit Units)
S3 (Dr): 3 year research
Diploma I, II, III, IV, Specialists

22. Vielen Dank Thank you Terimakasih