2. Youtube The basics of Europe

3. Culture of Europe

5. Countries of Europe Main countries to know: Ireland United Kingdom Norway Sweden Finland Russia Ukraine Poland Germany Belgium Italy France Spain Portugal

6. European Plain and Mountains Mountains: Alps Ural Pyrenees European Plain is the mainland of Europe

7. Rivers of Europe Rivers to know: Rhine Danube Volga Thames

8. Iberian Peninsula Iberian Peninsula is Spain and Portugal

9. Scandinavian Peninsula Scandinavian Peninsula is Norway and Sweden and some of Finland.

10. Climates of Europe Although Europe has different types of climatic conditions, most of the Europe climate remains temperate (mild, with cool summers and cold winters). Generally: Europe gets warmer towards the south It gets drier towards the east The wind blows in from the Atlantic Ocean. Southern Europe has the Mediterranean climate (A climate with warm, wet winters and calm, hot, dry summers.), which appears in countries as: Portugal, Spain, France(south), Italy, Croatia, Albania, Greece and Turkey. Tundra/Polar Climate: northern Europe. Countries: Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia.

11. Governments of Europe European governments are generally split between republics and constitutional monarchies. Republics: Iceland, Ireland, Portugal, France, Germany, Poland, Switzerland, Austria, and Italy Constitutional monarchies: United Kingdom, Spain, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.

12. General information 2 nd smallest continent 47 countries Largest country: Russia Smallest country: Vatican City Largest city: London Population: approximately 738,000,000 Most spoken language: German 55% Roman Catholic Christian Richest country: Liechtenstein $141,100 per person Poorest Country: Moldova $3400 Produces 18% of world’s petroleum

13. European Union EU. The economic association of 27 European countries which seek to create a unified, barrier-free market for products and services throughout the continent, as well as a common currency. The name for the money that has replaced national (individual) currencies in several European countries. 17 countries use the Euro.

14. English Channel (Eurotunnel) The English Channel is a part of the Atlantic Ocean, and it separates the island of Britain from northern France and joins the North Sea to the Atlantic Ocean. It is today one of the busiest shipping lanes on the planet. It's approximately 350 miles long, and at its narrowest in the Strait of Dover.

15. Youtube English Chunnel

17. The Channel Tunnel comprises 3 tunnels; two Running Tunnels and a smaller Service Tunnel It takes a total of 35 minutes to travel across the Channel Tunnel, from terminal to terminal. The Channel Tunnel is 31.35 miles long, with 24 of those miles located under water. Northern Tunnel The northern running train carries passengers and cars from England to France. Southern Tunnel The southern running train carries passengers and cars from France to England. Cost of Construction Although at first estimated at $3.6 billion, the Channel Tunnel project came in way over budget at over $15 billion when finished. As of 2010, prices for a standard car ranged from £49 to £75 (about $78 to $120).